Chromoso mes and Meiosis Mendel and Heredity Traits, Genes, and Alleles Traits, Probability, Variation Actual Test Questions

Question ________________ are two chromosomes that have the same length and general appearance as well as copies of the same genes, although the two copies may differ.

Answer 1 – 10 Homologous chromosomes

Question _______________ is a form of nuclear division that divides diploid cells into haploid cells

Answer 1 – 20 Meiosis

Question The actual fusion of an egg and a sperm cell is called ________________

Answer 1 – 30 Fertilization

Question During which stage of Meiosis do the homologous pairs get pulled apart?

Answer 1 – 40 Anaphase I

Question During what stage of Meiosis do the sister chromatids get pulled apart?

Answer 1 – 50 Anaphase II

Question ______________ is the study of biological inheritance patterns and variation in organisms.

Answer 2 – 10 Genetics

Question A line of plants that has self-pollinated for long enough so that line becomes genetically uniform is called ______________

Answer 2 – 20 Purebred

Question The mating of two organisms is called a _______________

Answer 2 – 30 Cross

Question ___________ are distinguishing characteristics that are inherited, such as eye color, leaf shape, and tail length.

Answer 2 – 40 Traits

Question The following components summarize what? – Organisms inherit two copies of each gene, one from each parent – Organisms donate only one copy of each gene in their gametes. Thus, the two copies of each gene segregate, or separate during gamete formation

Answer 2 – 50 Law of segregration

Question ______________ is all of an organism’s genetic material

Answer 3 – 10 Genome

Question The ____________ refers to the genetic makeup of a specific set of genes and the ___________ refers to the physical characteristics, or traits, of an individual organism.

Answer 3 – 20 Genotype Phenotype

Question A ______________ allele is the allele that is expressed when two different alleles are present. A ______________ allele is only expressed when two copies are present.

Answer 3 – 30 Dominant Recessive

Question The term ___________ describes two of the same alleles at a specific locus while the term ______________ describes two different alleles at a specific locus

Answer 3 – 40 Homozygous Heterozygous

Question A(n) ________________ is any of the alternative forms of a gene that may occur at a specific locus.

Answer 3 – 50 Allele

Question A _______________ is a grid system for predicting all possible genotypes resulting from a cross.

Answer 4 – 10 Punnett Square

Question A __________________ cross examines the inheritance of one specific trait while a ______________ cross examines the inheritance of two different traits.

Answer 4 – 20 Monohybrid Dihybrid

Question A _______________ is a cross between an organism with an unknown genotype and an organism with the recessive phenotype.

Answer 4 – 30 Testcross

Question ___________________ states that allele pairs separate independently of each other during gamete formation, or meiosis. The traits appear to be inherited separately

Answer 4 – 40 The law of independent assortment

Question Genes located close together tend to be inherited together, which is called _______________

Answer 4 – 50 Genetic linkage

Question How many chromosomes are in a human gamete?

Answer 5 – 10 23

Question What happens to sister chromatids in meiosis II?

Answer 5 – 20 They are divided

Question What is the phenotypic ratio of a monohybrid cross between two heterozygous parents?

Answer 5 – 30 3:1

Question The “father” of genetics was __________

Answer 5 – 40 Gregor Mendel

Question Normal human males develop from fertilized eggs containing which of the following sex chromosome combinations? A. XY B. XX C. XO D. 00

Answer 5 – 50 A. XY