'Helicity of Neutrinos' Shibata lab. TAMORI Midori Dec 12th, 2006 M. Goldhaber et al. Physical Review 109 (1958) Contents 1. Introduction 2.

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Presentation transcript:

'Helicity of Neutrinos' Shibata lab. TAMORI Midori Dec 12th, 2006 M. Goldhaber et al. Physical Review 109 (1958) Contents 1. Introduction 2. Experiment 3. Result 4. Summary

1. Introduction the projection of spin to the direction of momentum spin Helicity can either be +1 or -1. helicity : : momentum : spin spin Spin of neutrino is 1/2.

If a gamma ray is emitted in the momentum direction, its energy is increased by Doppler effect, which is needed for resonance scattering on. (see a later page) 2. Experiment is used. orbital electron capture γ kinematics z e no circular polarization Sm ν γ It decays by orbital electron capture. Neutrino is emitted in the direction opposite to. Gamma ray is emitted from excited state of Sm.

z Sm ν e no circular polarization Sm e no circular polarization ν If circular polarization is observed, and if The neutrino helicity can be measured this way. Conservation of angular momentum ½ ½ ½ ½ m=0 Sm ν e circular polarization ½ ½ m=+1 j=1 γ Sm e circular polarization ν ½ ½ m=-1 j=1 γ

Pb Fe scatterer NaI PMT Experimental arrangement 10cm magnetic field: up or down direction (every 3 minutes) If γ rays and magnet have spin of same direction, γ rays pass through the magnet. The γ rays are resonant-scattered. resonance scattering γ s p d Fe Spin of electrons in Fe atom and γ parallel : electron spin cannot flip antiparallel : electron spin flips Cross section of Compton scattering for antiparallel is larger than parallel. Only Doppler shifted (forward emitted) gamma rays can have resonance scattering. ν 960keV

840keV 960keV 122keV Non-resonant background 3. Result The horizontal axis is Bjorken scale in logarithmic scale. The dashed curve is the value based on a quark-parton model. : counting rate with magnetic field pointing down (spin of electrons in Fe up) : pointing up Helicity of neutrino is negative estimation pulse height counts : spin of electrons in Fe up, Compton cross section is small. The lager transmission of gamma rays in Fe.

4. Summary my comment: If helicity of neutrino is always -1, it means that neutrino travels at light velocity. It then means that neutrino mass is 0. So, neutrino helicity is related to neutrino mass. ● The objective of this experiment is to determine the helicity of neutrino. ● Orbital electron capture of was used: ● Gamma rays emitted in the momentum direction were selected by means of resonance scattering. ● Helicity of gamma ray was measured with a Compton polarimeter of Fe atom. ● The helicity of gamma ray was negative, which indicates.

spin of electrons in Fe atom : down spin of gamma ray : up spin of electrons in Fe atom : up spin of gamma ray : down cross section for antiparallel is larger than parallel. 960keV 840keV 960keV 122keV Non-resonant background pulse height counts magnetic field electron in Fe gamma ray Compton cross section smalllarge small Spin of electrons in Fe atom and γ cross section for antiparallel is larger than parallel.