Assignment #4 Variation and Adaptation Mrs. McCarthy Biology Monday, November 21, 2016

I.Evolution- a change in a gene pool of a population over time A.Population- A group of organisms of one species that interbreed and live in one place at the same time 1.Populations are made up of individuals 2.Individuals have their own phenotypes 3.Reproduction allows for the variation of alleles B.Population Genetics- the study of how allele frequencies change over time in a population C.Gene Pool- all of the alleles in a population

II. Variation- the differences in characteristics between individuals Ex. One purple flower on a bush of white flowers A. Mutations 1. Rare- mutations that occur during meiosis caused by a random changes 2. Recessive- most mutations are recessive

B. Genetic Recombination- The recombination of genes during crossing over in meiosis C. Gene Flow- the movement of genes from one species to another due to migration D. Genetic Drift- changes in the gene pool due to chance

III. Adaptations- the changing of a species that results in its being better suited to its environment A. Camouflage- the ability of an organism to blend in with its environment ex. A “walking stick” insect blends with the branches B. Warning Coloration- an animal with a particular coloration that warns predators that it is poisonous or bad tasting Ex. Sea anemones are brightly colored- they can sting and don’t taste good

Poison Dart Frog Walking Stick Insect

C. Mimicry- the ability of an organism to mimic a more dangerous organism Ex. King Snakes look very similar to the more poisonous coral snake

IV. Comparison A. Variation- the differences in genetic populations that allow the process of evolution to take place B. Adaptation- the ability of a species to possess traits that allow it to better survive **Write this in: Without variation, there can be NO evolution!**