Common Types of Fractures Slide 5.17 Copyright © 2003 Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Benjamin Cummings Table 5.2

Disorder of the Bones and Joints…

New terms, roots, suffixes Scoli/o – crooked/ bent Lord/o- bent backwards Kyph/o- hump Spondyl/o- vertebrae Vocab/procedures: Reduction- correcting a fracture by realigning fragments Fixation- Stabilizing fracture when it heals Traction- apply a pulling force on a fractured or dislocated limb (or vertebrae to restore alignment) Suffixes -ectomy= surgically excision or removal -desis = stabilize -porosis= porous, full of holes -tomy= surgical incision -rrhaphy- apply stiches -plasty- surgical repair

Trauma Fracture- any break in bone Closed or simple fracture – bone broken, broken ends do not break the skin Treatment – closed reduction, cast or splint applied.

Fracture cont. Open or compound fracture- broken bones pierce the skin and can lead to infection. Tx: Open reduction – surgical intervention with devices such as wires, metal plates, or screws to hold the bones in alignment.

Fracture cont… Greenstick – in children, bone bent and splintered but never completely separates. Tx: External fixation (stabilize in cast)

Fracture cont… Comminuted – splintered or broken into many pieces. Tx- External fixation (cast), possible surgery (internal fixation) depending how bad the break is.

Dislocation – bone displaced from proper position in joint. Sprain- sudden or unusual motion, ligaments torn but joint not dislocated. Treatment – traction pulling force used to hold the bones in place used for fractures of long bones.

Diagnosis For your patient A) List all bones present in patient x-ray B) State the view- AP, PA, L/R C) Name the affected bone(s) D) Is it fractured? IF so Simple or complex? E) Dislocation, Greenstick, Impacted, Spiral, Transverse, Comminuted?

Stages in the Healing of a Bone Fracture Slide 5.19 Copyright © 2003 Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Benjamin Cummings Figure 5.5

Arthritis- inflammation of one or more joints… Rheumatoid Arthritis chronic, autoimmune disease-joints become swollen and painful, joint deformities common.

Abnormal Curvature of the spine Kyphosis- hunchback Lordosis- swayback Scoliosis- Lateral curvature

Osteoporosis – 80% of those affected are women. Mineral density of bone is reduced 35% - 65%. The loss of bone mass leaves the bone thinner, porous and more prone to fracture ( on x-ray looks like swiss cheese) prevented by dietary calcium.

Diagnosis and Treatment Arthroscopy examination into joint using arthroscope with fiber optic lens, most knee injuries are treated with arthroscopy.

Traction is the.. Pulling force used to hold the bones in place, used for fractures of long bones.

Test your gray matter… 1 Amanda ages her bones will become more porous, lose calcium and phosphorus and be more likely to fracture. This condition is called: 2 During a fall from a tree, Ted fractured his tibia, and the bone broke through the skin. This type of fracture is known as a? 3 Suzi injured her ankle while skating. Her x-ray shows no signs of bone abnormality but her doctor feels she had damaged ligaments. Suzi’s diagnosis is a: 4 Paris Hilton fell out of an SUV and off her stilettos broking her metatarsals. This bone injury is called a: 5 Poor posture can cause the lumbar spine to become “swaybacked.” The medical term for this condition is: 6 Mrs. Locklear suffers from painful inflammation of her joints. This condition is known as: 7 During routine school checkup, it is noted that Susan’s spine is curved from side to side. This is called: 8 Abnormal curvature of the thoracic spine causes a “hunchback” appearance. This disorder is known as: 9 The main reason for applying a cast around a fracture is to: osteoporosis Compound fracture sprain fracture Lordosis Arthritis Scoliosis KyphosisImmobilize the bone

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