REVOLUTION!! When is revolution justified? …. Today? 1.King Leopold’s Ghost project 2.Define absolutism – where did these monarchs claim they got their power? How did absolute monarchs treat their subjects? 3.Get handouts 4.Take notes on absolutism – especially in France that leads to the Enlightenment and the French Revolution 5.Review graphic organizer of key enlightenment thinkers (philosophes). 6.Complete 1 and 2 packet p 1 7.How will these philosophes’ ideas affect political leaders and their subjects in Europe? Identify the key enlightened beliefs and how they conflict with absolutism 8.Complete 3-7 packet p 1 9.How does the American revolution illustrate understanding #1? from ABSOLUTISM to…Enlightenment to… Understand that: 1.The collision of social unrest and new political ideas can lead to revolution. 2. In times of crisis, people will turn to strong leaders to gain a sense of stability.

Now showing: THE ADVENTURES OF VERSAILLES

Starring… Henry IV

Starring… Louis XIII

Starring… Cardinal Richelieu

And …the Star of the Show… Louis XIV

With a supporting cast of other absolute monarchs  England – the Tudor family  Russia – the Romanovs  Spain – Philip II  Austria – Habsburgs  Germany – Hohenzollerns  England – the Stuarts

Absolutely Louis  Louis XIV rules with divine right  Weakens nobles  Absolute monarch when England was a constitutional monarchy WHY???

Look Around, Louis!  While Louis XIV on throne from …  English Glorious Revolution – 1688  Bill of Rights, other previous documents limit King’s Authority  Prime Minister gaining power under Hanovers  England eliminates their absolute monarchs

Dad and Grandpa  Henry IV assassinated in 1610 Louis XIII takes throne at age 9 Marie de Medici (Louis’ mother) was regent for next 7 years

Mama’s Boy/Cardinal’s Boy Louis XIII kicks out Marie, keeps Cardinal Richelieu Richelieu ends nobles’ powers Nobles keep social status, but INTENDANTS take over administrative duties Builds army, economy, national unity, and culture Louis XIII is Richelieu’s puppet!!!

Bonjour, Louis XIV!  Takes control of government at age 23, rules for 72 years!  Doesn’t want to make same mistakes as Dad  Not a puppet  Keep limited nobility  Relies only on two major nobles  Makes intendants permanent  Fronde uprisings (Civil War by nobles and local leaders against increased royal power) make him determined to be absolute monarch

A King and His Court  Builds Versailles to show glory of monarch  Officials live with him  Nobility attend to him in court rituals  Lavish lifestyle  Nobility and royalty don’t pay taxes

International Muscle  Bold foreign policy that frightens other monarchs  Wants to ally with Spain when king dies in 1700  War of Spanish Succession to decide who gets Spain  1713: Treaty of Utrecht ends war  France loses part of Canada

Can’t Win ‘Em All  Louis XIV fails to adjust tax system  Poor carry burden, many upper class exempt  Economic gap widens  Doesn’t fix treasury problem  Unifies country under indendants  Doesn’t change traditions  Legal systems, taxes, measures different all over France  Different authorities and regions for financial, judicial, religious, and administrative affairs Sound familiar?

Troubled Legacy  Nobles still aren’t happy  They don’t have power, but that doesn’t mean they don’t want it  Try to regain their power when Louis XV takes the throne  France has no money!  Buildings  Wars  Huguenots driven away

ENLIGHTENMENT LEADS TO AMERICAN REVOLUTION

Characteristics of Enlightened Thought Ideas incorporating the themes listed below were heavily discussed during this era  REASON-justification  HAPPINESS-What makes people happy?  LIBERTY-freedoms  PROGRESS-tolerance, diversity, science  NATURE- outside (plants, earth, universe, etc) and inside (emotion, human interactions, etc)

Impact of the Enlightenment  People have confidence that human reason can solve social problems  The individual becomes important as people use their own ability to reason and judge  Absolutism is generally questioned as being the antithesis of enlightenment.  Sets the stage for popular revolutions in the 18 th and 19 th Centuries  Some monarchs make reforms  Other Monarchs resist change to their power  BUT…the common people, generally uneducated and distrusted by the philosophes, are not very enlightened. Therefore the enlightenment is really a middle class movement

ThThe American Revolution, e Enlightenment and Revolutions - Claiming abuses by the British Government and a general failure to safeguard the natural rights of the citizens, the American Colonies declare their independence from England. - Thomas Jefferson authors the Declaration of Independence, drawing heavily on the writings of John Locke and the ideals of the Social Contract as theorized by Rousseau and Hobbes: *Government must be created by the People *The people must consent to be governed *The primary job of the Government is to protect the people’s natural rights- Life, Liberty, and “The Pursuit of Happiness” *When a Government fails to protect these rights, then the people have the right to change their government, to overthrow it.

The Enlightenment and Revolutions John LockeThomas Jefferson

The Enlightenment and Revolutions John LockeThomas Jefferson “Darn, I looked better in the last picture”, J. Locke

The Enlightenment and Revolutions  Following the American Revolution, the Americans again embraced the ideals of the Enlightenment in the writing of their Constitution. James Madison heavily borrowed from the ideals of Montisquieu.  Separation of Powers, and Checks and Balances make up the heart of the U.S. Constitution

The American Revolution and French Involvement: America’s war for independence was successful in part due to the assistance of the French government. One of the most influential French military assistants was Lafayette. * In 1777, Lafayette purchased a ship, and with a crew of adventurers set sail for America to fight in the revolution against the British. Lafayette joined the ranks as a major general and was assigned to the staff of George Washington. He served with distinction, leading America forces to several victories. On a return visit to France in 1779 Lafayette persuaded the French government to send aid to the Americans, specifically the commitment of the French Navy, and monetary support.George Washington

Connections between the American Revolution and the French Revolution – video part II enlightenmentvideo part II enlightenment Not only did French Citizens and Military directly participate in the American War for Independence, but the war itself, the ideals upon which it was based, and the eventual success served as inspiration for many of the French Citizens who had become disenchanted with their own government, especially King Louis XVI Another impact of the American Revolution was the additional Debt incurred by the French Government in assisting the Americans against the British, further pushing France into Financial Crisis.

France 2. Spain 3. Germany 4. Italy 5. Poland 6. Great Britain 7. Russia 8. Ukraine 9. Greece 10. Sweden 11. Ireland 12. Austria 13. Romania 14. Slovakia 15. Hungary 16. Turkey 17. Switzerland 18. Luxembourg 18

19.Serbia 20.Albania 21.Portugal 22.Denmark 23.Norway 24.Czech Republic 25.Netherlands 26.Belgium 27.Finland 28. Estonia 29.Latvia 30.Lithuania 31.Bosnia 32.Slovenia 33.FYROM 34.Bulgaria 35.Belarus