Cellulose Nanomaterials Production and Applications Michael Bilodeau Director, Process Development Center University of Maine

Outline What are Cellulose Nanomaterials? What are they good for? Why now? Does anyone else care? 2October 5, 2016

What Is Nanocellulose? Cellulose Reduced to Very Small Size Lightweight and strong Strength / weight ratio 8 x steel, 2 x carbon fiber Dimensional stability Shear thinning thickener Optical transparency High thermal conductivity Low oxygen permeability Can make foams Abundant Sustainable Renewable Recyclable Reusable Compostable Biocompatible Non-toxic Versatile functionality Courtesy American Process, Inc. 3October 5, 2016

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5 Commercial Scale-up Release Base Paper Surface No CNF Control 5% CNF added October 5, 2016

Stain Results Silicone Coated Release Base 6 No CNF Control 5% CNF Pilot paper machine samples October 5, 2016

10.8 gsm (6%) CNF added to surface of OCC web 7 Untreated OCC surface October 5, 2016

Rheology Modifier Cosmetics Food Adhesives … Separators/Barrier Filtration Batteries Pumps … Emerging Commercial Applications Coatings Flexible Electronics Self Powered Display Solar LED … Yano et al. Building Products Wallboard Sheathing Panels … Continuous Fibers Dong et al., 2012 Reinforcement Textiles Woven … Oil & Gas Drilling Muds Frac Fluids Clean-up … Foams Paakko et al., Soft Matter, 2008 Acoustic Structural Thermal … Additive Manufacturing Filaments Composites Powders … Courtesy Dr. Robert Moon USFS Epoxy resins Paints Sealants … October 5, 20168

Applications and Potential Volume (in thousand tons) Market size Potential loading Nano Cellulose potential Paper and paperboard 400, % 20,000 Paints and coatings40, % 800 Composites9, % 180 Films and barriers9, % 193 Excipients4, % 92 Natural textiles34, % 690 Manufactured textiles56, % 1,126 Cement15, % 75 Oil and gas17, % 175 Nonwovens7, % 140 Adhesives % 10 TOTAL 23,500 Source: Nanocellulose: Technology, Applications and Markets, RISI October 5, 2016

Scalable Low Energy Low Capital Applications Overcoming Commercial Barriers 10October 5, 2016

UMaine CNF Pilot Facility Capability – Refiner CNF Pre-treatment – Mass Colloider Grinder Capacity – 1 ton/day – Slurry form (3% solids) 11October 5, 2016

Cellulose Nanomaterial Samples Distributed between April 2013 – May 2016 Samples provided to –218 private companies –199 academic institutions –46 research centers –In 39 different countries 12October 5, 2016

13 Source : What will the major innovations impacting our world in 2025 be? October 5, 2016

Patent Activity 14October 5, 2016

International Activity in Cellulose Nanomaterials 46 projects in 25 countries Projects include –Commercial production –Demonstration –Pilot Scale Source: “Summary of International Activities on CN” TG1 Group advising ISO/TC6 Task Group, July 31, October 5, 2016

Cellulose Nanocrystals (CNC) Capacity 2016 (kg per day) Source: Jack Miller, Market-Intell LLC, RISI, Nanocellulose: Technology, Applications, and Markets International Conference on Nanotechnology for Renewable Materials. Grenoble, France. CelluForce1,000 American Process500 Melodea100 Alberta Innovates20 US Forest Products Lab10 Blue Goose Biorefineries10 FPInnovations2 Cellulose Nanofibrils (CNF) Capacity 2016 (kg/day dry basis) Paperlogic, USA2,000 University of Maine, USA1,000 American Process, USA500 Nippon Paper, Japan150** Innventia, Sweden100 Oji Paper, Japan100 Empa15 UPM, FinlandPre-commercial Dai-ichi Kyogo, JapanPilot** FPInnovations, CanadaPilot Seiko PMCPilot SAPPI, NetherlandsPilot* U of Kyoto, RISHPilot VTT, FinlandPilot Daicel, JapanLab Luleå University of Technology, SwedenLab US Forest Products Laboratory, USALab * Start up 2016 ** TEMPO Microfibrillated Cellulose (MFC) Capacity 2016 (kg/day dry basis) FiberLean Technologies, Asia, USA*20,000* FiberLean Technologies, UK5,000 Borregaard, Norway*3,000* CTP/FCBA, France100 Stora Enso, FinlandPilot market* UPM, FinlandPre-commercial FPInnovations, CanadaPilot Norske Skog, NorwayPilot Daicel, JapanLab Luleå University of Technology, SwedenLab US Forest Products Laboratory, USALab * Start up 2016 ** With Elopak International Capacity - Cellulose Nanomaterial 16October 5, 2016

Contacts Michael Bilodeau, Director Phone: Pros Bennett, Managing Director Phone: October 5, 2016