Unit 1: Intro to Earth Science and Scientific Processes

Measurements ** ANSWERS ALWAYS INCLUDE A NUMBER AND A UNIT. Ex) not 6, but 6 in. Not ½, but ½ ft If you do not have the unit it is not correct. SI (Standard International) Units The unit you put a measurement in. This is the same around the world so that scientists can communicate even if they do not speak the same language. This is the metric system- BASED ON THE NUMBER 10

International System of Units (SI) Measurement length mass time temperature volume electric current Base Unit meter kilogram second Celsius (Kelvin) liters, meters cubed ampere

King Henry Died Unexpectedly (By) Drinking Chocolate Milk Prefixes you need to know Kilo- (k-)… 1 thousand(x 1000) or 10 3 Hecto- (h-)… 1 hundred(x 100) or 10 2 Deka- (D-)… 1 ten(x 10) or 10 1 Unit base - METER, LITER, GRAM Deci- (d-)… 1 tenth(x 1/10) or Centi- (c-)… 1 hundredth(x 1/100) or Milli- (m-)… 1 thousandth(x 1/1000) or 10 -3

Metric Stairs  You should be comfortable with converting from [cm] to [m], [mm] to [km], and so on. Convert: 1527 centigrams into hectograms: going four steps up means you move the decimal 4 places to the left. Therefore: 1527 centigrams =.1527 hectograms & kg = (steps to the right) mg

METRIC MATH..all based on 10 KILO HECTO DEKA BASE deci centi milli cm = __________ Dam km = _________ dm m = ____________ cm

Scientific Notation Scientific notation is a shorthand used for writing very large or very small numbers The number is expressed as a number between 1 and 10. That number is multiplied by a power of 10 to show the difference in the decimal Ex) 1,000,000 would be written as 1.0 x would be 1.0 x 10 -6

Scientific Notation: Written w/ Powers of Ten 6.02 x Coefficient Exponent

Convert the following between decimal form and scientific notation x x ,000,000

Examples – Sci Notation & Standard Form , x x x 10 8

Significant Figures These are the measurable digits in a number/measurement Use the Atlantic/ Pacific Rules If the number does not have a visible decimal, apply the Atlantic rule- start counting from the right with the first non-zero digit If the number has a visible decimal place, apply the Pacific rule- start counting from the left with the first non-zero digit

Significant Figures Rules If DECIMAL – Start at the Pacific (left) with 1 st non zero number.. Count to the Atlantic (right side). That is how many sig. figs If NO DECIMAL –Start at the Atlantic(right) with 1 st nonzero number. Count each number to the Pacific side. Ex; has 4 Sig. Figs Ex; 502,000 - has 3 Sig. Figs. cont

Examples How many significant figures are in the following measurements? m 8765 m g m 143 grams m x grams m

Sig Figs cont.. Rule: A number written in scientific notation – all coefficient numbers are sig. figs. Ex: X has 5 sig figs.

Examples How many significant figures are in the following measurements? m 8765 m g m 143 grams m x grams m

Precision A gauge of how exact a measurement is (consistent) This is limited by the least precise measurement Accuracy The closeness of a measurement to the actual value of what is being measured

Density Is the measure of how tightly packed the particles or matter of an object is.. It is the RATIO of a material’s MASS TO ITS VOLUME. Density identifies a material and is the same no matter the materials size.

Density Finding Density for a regularly shaped object : 5.0 cm 10.0 cm 4.0 cm Given : Mass = 827 g Find Volume: L X W X H plug in formula Remember:

What would you report as the length of each pin shown below? Zumdahl, Zumdahl, DeCoste, World of Chemistry  2002, page 122

What is the temperature as measured by each thermometer shown below? o C o C o C o C

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