Chem Lab 2017 By Tom Sangiorgi NYC Public School Teacher Adjunct Lecturer, Queens College, CUNY Science Olympiad - NYC Regional Coordinator, C-Division Regional Event Writer

READ THE RULES! Students should read the rules. Coaches should read the rules. Everyone should read the rules and then read them again, and then read them again and once everyone knows the rules… READ THEM AGAIN! (Guaranteed there will be something in there you and/or the students missed)

1. DESCRIPTION Teams will complete one or more tasks and answer a series of questions involving the science processes of chemistry focused in the areas of gases and thermodynamics.

Chem A TEAM OF UPTO: 2 *EYE PROTECTION: C APPROX. TIME: 50 min. *Eye Protection C is described on the next slide 1. DESCRIPTION

From the National Websitewww.sonic.org Category C Description: Indirect vent chemical/splash protection goggles. These seal tightly to the face completely around the eyes and have indirect vents constructed so that liquids do not have a direct path into the eye (or no vents at all). If you are able to see through the vent holes from one side to the other, they are NOT indirect vents Corresponding ANSI designation/required marking: Z87 (followed by D3 is the most modern designation but, it is not a requirement) Example: Indirect vent chemical/splash protection goggles “Eye Protection C”

2. EVENT PARAMETERS a. Students Each student must bring safety equipment and a writing implement and may bring two non- camera capability calculators (NO CELL PHONES) and five 8 ½ ” x 11” sheets of paper that may contain information on both sides in any form from any source (sheet protectors are permitted. NOTE: Students may not tape, staple, or otherwise attach 2 single sided sheets and call it one sheet.

must provide reagents/glassware/references that are needed for the tasks students are asked to do (e.g., Periodic Table, table of standard reduction potentials, any constants needed, etc.) 2. EVENT PARAMETERS b. Supervisors

Students must wear goggles (the “bug” type with full seal around the eyes and indirect vents), an apron or lab coat and have skin covered from the neck down to the wrist and toes (gloves are optional, but if a host requires a specific type they must notify teams). 2. EVENT PARAMETERS c. Safety Requirements

Long hair, shoulder length or longer, must be tied back. Students who unsafely remove their safety clothing/goggles or are observed handling any of the material or equipment in an unsafe manner will be penalized or disqualified from the event. 2. EVENT PARAMETERS c. Safety Requirements

5. SCORING Gases: 50% & Thermodynamics 50% Time may be limited at each task, but will not be used as a tiebreaker or for scoring. All ties will be broken by pre-selected questions.

3. THE COMPETITION Will have a hands-on activity. No Vernier or Pasco probes at the Regional level; may be used at the State level. Will have to construct and/or interpret a data table. Should know how to construct a graph: dependent and independent variables, line of best fit, name of graph (y vs. x), etc.

Students should be familiar with basic tasks described in the rules: Nomenclature Formula writing Stoichiometry Mole conversions Percentage yield Polyatomic ions 3. THE COMPETITION

Caliber of problems will vary from basic high school & SAT Chemistry to A.P.Chemistry. Some questions will be selected from the old chemistry curriculum (pre-2002) and SAT Chem data base. Suitable A.P. Chem questions may be adapted 3. THE COMPETITION

Suggested resources: Chem-Physics CD from Science Olympiad store cd.aspx 3. THE COMPETITION/Resources

Suggested resources: Old NYS Regents exams SAT Chem data base or practice exams High school texts College texts – Brown/LeMay, Zumdahl, Chang, Brady Lab manuals Invitation competitions Test Exchange 3. THE COMPETITION/Resources

Major tip: For cheap college level text books, find one you like, go to amazon.com, go back 2 or 3 editions and buy used. I get books for $0.01 to $10.00 (most under $5.00) plus the standard $3.99 shipping cost. 3. THE COMPETITION/Resources

Can involve identifying a gas or compound via guided lab activites. Students should know how to identify a gas from splint tests (H 2, O 2, CO 2 ). Use litmus paper to classify an unknown as an acid or base. Identify an unknown from standard samples. Examples of unknowns: KClO 3, NH 4 CO 3, H 2 O 2 HANDS-ON ACTIVITY

If thermodynamics based: Could involve “coffee cup calorimetry”. Temperature of a flame. ∆H of an acid-base neutralization reaction H f of ice If a graph is involved, it will be the first tie breaker. HANDS-ON ACTIVITY

4. SAMPLE QUESTIONS Gases Students should know basic gas laws: Avogadro’s Law Boyle’s Law Charles’ Law Dalton’s Law Gay-Lussac’s Law Graham’s Law Combined Gas Law (not on rule sheet but relevant) Ideal Gas Law

4. SAMPLE QUESTIONS Gases Students should know how to concepts related to: Density of a gas Partial pressure of a gas Molar mass of a gas (*could come from experimental data – Think Dumas Method) Relative rates of diffusion

4. SAMPLE QUESTIONS Gases Students should understand the effect of greenhouse gases and ozone depletion on our climate. Main Greenhouse gases to know: – Water vapor – CO 2 and the correlation between it’s atmospheric concentration and Earth’s temperature over time – CH 4 – NO x and N 2 O – O 3 and the ozone-oxygen cycle – CFCs (specifically CFC-12, CCl 2 F 2 ) – HCFCs (specifically HCFC-22, CHClF 2 )

4. SAMPLE QUESTIONS Gases Recommendation – Get an environmental science or environmental chemistry text book to learn about greenhouse gases. This topic will definitely be represented in the Chem Lab event.

4. SAMPLE QUESTIONS Thermodynamics Students will demonstrate an understanding of the principles of the following concepts: Direction of heat flow Endo and exo processes and the ∆H associated with each Heat capacity vs specific heat Calorimetry H f, H s, H v, H c

4. SAMPLE QUESTIONS Thermodymamics Student may be asked about: Heating/cooling curves Phase diagrams