Teknologi dan Rekayasa Air Condition System Component

Air Conditioning System Components  Compressors  Compressor Clutches  Condensers  Expansion Devices  Evaporators  Receiver-Driers/Accumulators  Switches and Evap. Temperature Controls  Rear AC Systems

Compressors There is a large variety of compressors. Some of variations are: The compressor manufacturer Piston, vane, or scroll type The piston and cylinder arrangement How the compressor is mounted Style and position of ports Type and number of drive belts Compressor displacement Fixed or variable displacement

Compressor Operation The compressor increases the refrigerant pressure about five to ten times. This increases the temperature so heat can leave the refrigerant in the condenser. Out/Discharge: High Pressure, about 200 psi & High Temperature, above ambient In/Suction: Low Pressure, about 30 psi & Low Temperature, close to freezing

Piston Compressors Shaft Seal Reed Valve Plate Piston Connecting Rod Crankshaft This two-cylinder compressor uses a crankshaft to move the pistons up and down. Refrigerant flow is controlled by the suction and discharge reeds in the valve plate.

Reed Valves Suction Discharge Evaporator Pressure Condenser Pressure Suction Reed Open Discharge Reed Open Refrigerant flow can be controlled by reed valves. Pressure on one side of the flexible reed forces it to close the port. Pressure on the opposite side forces the reed open.

Scotch Yoke Compressors A Scotch yoke compressor has two pairs of pistons that are driven by a slider block on the crankshaft. The pistons are connected by a yoke. Discharge Reed Pistons with Yokes Suction Reed Crankshaft Slider Block (hidden)

Scroll Compressors Orbiting Scroll Fixed Scroll Clutch Shaft Seal Crankshaft The orbiting scroll is driven by the crankshaft and moves in a small circular orbit. The fixed scroll remains stationary.

Scrolls Orbiting Scroll Fixed Scroll The fixed scroll is secured to the case so it does not move. The orbiting scroll moves in a circular motion as it is driven be the crankshaft.

Swash Plate Compressors Swash Plate Shaft Seal Valve Plate Piston Valve Plate

Swash Plate Compressors Pistons Swash Plate Shaft Seal Clutch Assembly The swash plate is mounted at an angle onto the drive shaft. It drives three double-ended pistons. Two sets of reeds control the refrigerant flow in and out of the cylinders. Reed Plate

Wobble Plate Compressors Wobble Plate Drive Hub Piston Connecting Rod Shaft Seal Valve Plate

Variable Displacement Low Angle Minimum Stroke High Angle Maximum Stroke Control Valve The evaporator pressure has dropped, and the control valve has increased crankcase pressure Normal operation when cooling is required. Crankcase pressure is low.

Variable Displacement Wobble Plate Compressors Control Valve Valve Plate Piston Connecting Rod Shaft Seal Pivot

Vane Compressors Rotor Vane Shaft Seal Discharge Reed The rotor is driven by the clutch and driveshaft. The vanes move in and out of the rotor to follow the outer wall to pump refrigerant.

Vane Compressor, Cutaway Shaft Seal Discharge Check Valve Rotor Vane Clutch: Pulley Plate Coil

Clutch Assembly Drive Plate Coil Pulley The three major parts of a clutch assembly.

Compressor Clutch Most compressors use a three-part clutch: the hub, rotor, and coil. The hub is attached to the compressor drive shaft. It has a plate that is pulled against the rotor when the clutch is applied. The rotor is driven by the accessory drive belt; it is mounted over the front of the compressor using a bearing so it can rotate. The coil becomes an electromagnet when current is sent through it. V-belt Pulley Multi-Vee Pulley Hub Pulley/ Magnetic Rotor Coil

Clutch Operation Current is sent to the clutch coil to energize the magnet and apply the clutch. Shutting off the current flow releases the clutch and stops compressor operation. Pulley Coil Clutch Hub/Plate

Condenser Types Condensers A and C are round tube, serpentine condensers. Condenser B is an oval/flat tube, serpentine condenser. Condenser D is an oval/flat tube, parallel flow condenser. Flat tube condensers are more efficient.

Serpentine Condenser Refrigerant flows from the upper inlet to the bottom outlet through two tubes. These tubes wind back and forth though the condenser.

Parallel Flow Condenser Refrigerant flows from the upper inlet to the bottom outlet through groups of parallel tubes. Some carry refrigerant from the right to the left, and others move it back to the right side.

Expansion Devices  The expansion device separates the high side from the low side and provides a restriction for the compressor to pump against.  There are two styles of expansion devices:  The TXV can open or close to change flow. It is controlled by the superheat spring, thermal bulb that senses evaporator outlet temperature, and evaporator pressure  Most OTs have a fixed diameter orifice

Thermal Expansion Valves, TXVs The three major types of expansion valves: Internally balanced TXVs are the most common. Externally balanced TXVs are used on some larger evaporators. Block valves route the refrigerant leaving the evaporator past the thermal sensing diaphragm so a thermal bulb is not needed. Internally Balanced Externally Balanced Block Valve

Orifice Tubes, OTs The OT used in a modern vehicle is a tubular, plastic device with a small metal tube inside. The color of the OT is used to determine the diameter of the tube. A plastic filter screen is used to trap debris that might plug the tube. Some older General Motors vehicles used an OT that resembled a brass fuel filter.

Orifice Tubes, OTs

Evaporator Types Plate evaporators, top, are a series of stamped aluminum plates that are joined together. Tube and fin evaporators, bottom, have tubes for the refrigerant that are joined to the fins.

Receiver Dryers A receiver dryer is mounted in the liquid line of a TXV system. It is used to: to store a reserve of refrigerant.to store a reserve of refrigerant. hold the desiccant bag that removes water from the refrigerant.hold the desiccant bag that removes water from the refrigerant. filter the refrigerant and remove debris particles.filter the refrigerant and remove debris particles. provide a sight glass so refrigerant flow can be observed.provide a sight glass so refrigerant flow can be observed. provide a location for switch mounting.provide a location for switch mounting. Barb Connections, Note Sight Glass Male Flare Connections Male O-ring Connections, Note Switch

Accumulators Accumulators are used in the suction line of all OT systems. The accumulator: separates liquid refrigerant so only gas flows to the compressor. Allows oil in the bottom of the accumulator to return to the compressor. provides storage for a refrigerant reserve. contains the desiccant bag for water removal. provides a place to mount low pressure switches and sensors.

Receiver Dryers/Accumulators

Switches  Ambient temperature  High pressure  Low pressure  Compressor rpm  Compressor superheat  Compressor high temperature  Compressor cutoff

Switches  ECT  Evaporator pressure  Evaporator temperature  Pressure cycling  Thermostatic cycling  Trinary pressure

Switches

Evaporator Temperature or Pressure Controls  EPRV  EPR  ETR  POA  STV  VIR

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