Harvard Style

Why do you need to reference?  So that you give people credit for there work.  So that you do not plagiarise peoples work.  So that people can check up on the information you have used (for further reading and information)  So you can justify what you are writing about.

What do you need to reference?  Quotes  Information (statistics, graphs)  Pictures  Peoples ideas  Basically any source that you use.  Any work that is not yours.

The Harvard System  This is the most commonly used referencing system and the one we will learn today.

How do you cite in your work?  You simply need to know the author and the year the information was published.  For example: After a quote.  “ ICT must be beneficial to the learning outcomes and must increase productivity. This will then lead to more time being focused on the curriculum. “ (Whale 2010)  You may also want the page number here.

Example of stats  You may be writing about statistics:  It has been found that 80% of the local population are against the wind farms (Evening Times 1998). This should mean that the farms would not be built.

Example of a picture  ( ECOINSTITUTION.com 2010)

That’s the easy bit……  After you have the sources you must have a bibliography or a reference list.

Example reference  King, S. and Taylor, L. (2004). Using ICT to enhance learning in Geography, In Secondary Geography Handbook, ed. David Balderstone, published by the Geographic Association.  Selinger, M. (2003), The role of the teacher: teacherless classrooms?, In issues in teaching using ICT, ed. Marilyn Leask, London and New York Routeledge.  Storey, C. (ed. R. Bowles), (2003), Using ICT to support the teaching of ‘place’ in geography, In raising Achievement: Developing Thinking Skills/ Primary Geography Research Conference, university College Worcester.  BECTA, (2004):  dir/downloads/page_documents/research/wtrs_geography.pdf dir/downloads/page_documents/research/wtrs_geography.pdf

Books: What you need  King, S. and Taylor, L. (2004). Using ICT to enhance learning in Geography, In Secondary Geography Handbook, ed. David Balderstone, published by the Geographic Association.  ALL THE INFORMATION YOU CAN GET. THE MORE THE BETTER  Name of any authors. Second name then, initial  The year in brackets.  The title of the essay in Italics  The name of the book.  The editor if there is one  The publisher  What edition it is (third print would be (3 rd Ed)

 Sutherland et al, (2004), Transforming teaching and learning: embedding ICT into everyday classroom practices, Sutherland et al, Blackwell Publishing LTD 2004, journal of Computer Assisted Learning, 20. Pp  West, B. (1999), Geographical Literacy and the role of GIS, New Zealand Journal of Geography, (Pt 107), pp  If you use a direct quote use a page number.

For websites  project-is-happening-in-mojave-desert/ project-is-happening-in-mojave-desert/  Again everything you can get  Author if you can get it  Year it was written  When you read it (incase it changes after that)  The full web page. For this example the ref would be.  Michellelynn, (2010), Terra-Gen Gets Green Light for Wind Farm in Mojave Desert, read on 20/01/11http:// wind-farm-project-is-happening-in-mojave-desert/ wind-farm-project-is-happening-in-mojave-desert/

For pictures  Same thing as before, all the info you can find.  If you can put the photographer even better, if not just like a website. Make sure you have the full address.  Example:  Picture 4, taken from farm-project-is-happening-in-mojave-desert/ farm-project-is-happening-in-mojave-desert/

If its from a newspaper  Treat it just like a book.  Author  Title  Newspaper  Date (with day)

Now it’s your turn  Pick some books and give it a try.

For more info  d.htm

Citation machine.   creator/reference-chapter.htm creator/reference-chapter.htm  This will solve all your problems

Looking for essays or articles  Google Scholar is a great resource.  All you need to do it go to the Google homepage. Go to more and then Scholar.  You can now type in anything you want to search for.

Give it a try.  Type in some key words to do with your issue.  If it will not let you read the article then at least you have the book so you could go to the library and then find it.