Environmental Sustainability Towards Transforming Tanzania to a Middle Income Economy by 2025: The Challenges of Industrialization Eng. Prof. Rubhera RAM Mato School of Environmental Science and Technology Ardhi University, Dar es Salaam.

Outline of Presentation Introduction Industrialization in Tanzania Contaminant releases from industries activities Environmental aspects of industrialization Environmental compliance in the industry sector in Tanzania Challenges for attaining environmental sustainability and suggested mitigation measures Conclusion

Introduction The industry sector plays important role in transforming Tanzania to a middle income economy goals by Industrialization is accompanied with major infrastructure development like water, energy (power), transport, housing etc The challenge is to realize industrial development without straining the environment Worldwide industrialization is accompanied by environmental degradation and some of the global environmental problems are linked to it Despite of having environmental legislation in place more deliberate interventions are required to ensure environmental sustainability in Tanzania

Contaminants releases from industries activities Different contaminants are associated with industrial activities – which are released to the environment as liquid, gas or solid. Of major concern are the toxic substances, which do penetrate the food chain or affect the quality of the environment we live in Some of the toxic contaminants include heavy metals, pesticides, petroleum hydrocarbons etc Depending on the abatement mechanisms for waste releases, some of the toxic substances may pass through

Environmental aspects of industrialization Industrial expansion implies increase in– numbers, Production (volume), types, processes geographical coverage – landuse conflicts natural resources use, chemical use/importation, Demand for basic services –water, power etc Employment and social interactions etc

Cont.. Industrial air pollution – GDG and climate change Soil and Water contamination Generation of toxic industrial residues that are indiscriminately disposed of – solid waste Health problems and risks of industrial production cancers – Industrial stormwater management

Cont.. Land-use conflicts and resettlement Land degradation – mining (leave derelict land), decommissioning of industrial premises Seed pollution from GMO technology Induced development around industrial centres – emergency of small towns/villages Chemical storage and transportation – affect groundwater and surface water, soil, safety etc

Environmental compliance in the industry sector in Tanzania Existing legislative regime – National Environmental Policy (1997) – Sustainable Industrial Production Policy (2006) – Environmental Management Act (EMA) Cap. 191 of 2004 – Strategic Environmental Assessment Regulations (2008) – EIA and Audit Regulations (2005)

Cont.. Environmental compliance – undertaking legal responsibility to protect the environment as provided by the law Research conducted in Mikocheni Light Industrial area – involved 12 industries – No 100% compliance, at least 58% good progress to compliance – 25% of industries showed high effort to compliance. These are large industries with commitment to international standards – 42% had very low level effort to compliance -mainly medium industries – 67% of the industries had EIA/Audit certificates

Stakeholder comments Old technology that entails production of huge amounts of effluents/emissions that are difficult to treat/dispose of sometimes High capital investment needed to achieve compliance Environmental Standards are not flexible for industries – do not allow step by step improvement Lack of qualified staff to design, construct and operate waste management systems Reluctance to invest in waste management

Challenges and Mitigation Measures Commitment towards environmental protection - education and exposition to best practices Cleaning the past mess - NEMC to devise special assistance Enforcement –progressive compliance can be very useful. Monitoring to check compliance is essential

Cont.. DoE/NEMC establish Environmental baseline conditions –for tracking long-term impacts Clean industrial production- industries to be urged or supported towards adopting cleaner production Environmental Impact Assessment – On the ground implementation of EIA recommendations

Cont.. Strategic Environmental Assessment – conduct SEA for the envisaged industrialization programme Environmental Monitoring - is a ground proofing for adequacy of mitigation measures Emerging contaminants of concern (ECCs) – slowly building up in the environment, of which industry sector is among the main sources.

Cont… Reducing CO 2 emissions – national programme is required Contamination of water sources - competence for devising means of pollution abatement is essential

Conclusion Industrialization in Tanzania will be accompanied by a range of environmental ramifications, which may choke the path towards middle income economy by 2015 Many of the associated environmental impacts can be abated by best engineering practices Creating more awareness to industrial operators can increase enforcement to environmental management requirements. Regulators should ensure EIA is carried out and envisaged environmental monitoring so as to track environmental performances of industries.

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