Unit 4 Section 1 Part 5 THE EISENHOWER ERA

A. THE EISENHOWER ERA 1. The Election of 1952 Adlai Stevensen (D) against Dwight D. Eisenhower (R) Most Americans admired Eisenhower Eisenhower’s running mate Richard Nixon caught in a scandal Nixon accused of accepting money from political supporters Nixon gave what was called his Checkers Speech and Eisenhower won the election

2. The Cold War Continues Sec. of State John Foster Dulles believed containment did not work He favored the policy known as brinkmanship-going to the very brink of war to stop communism Related to brinkmanship was massive retaliation-pledge to use any means (nukes) to stop the USSR The CIA was formed in 1947 to spy on enemies CIA under Eisenhower overthrew gov’ts in Guatemala and Iran

In 1955, the USSR forms the Warsaw Pact in response to NATO The Warsaw Pact was the union of the USSR and all satellite states Countries within the Warsaw Pact were oppressed and lacked freedom In 1955, U.S. and USSR hold a summit US proposed “open skies” to allow each other to spy on the other USSR refused US U-2 Spy Planes flew over anyway One was shot down, pilot Francis Gary Powers was captured Damaged US-Soviet relations

3. Cold War Hot Spots 1954, French are defeated at Dien Bien Phu in Vietnam Vietnam split into communist North and democratic South North led by Ho chi Minh In 1956, there was to be an election to choose a Vietnamese gov’t Eisenhower feared Vietnam would vote for communism SEATO was created, an organization of democratic Asian countries

In 1948, UN creates the country of Israel out of parts of Palestine This creates serious tensions btwn Jews and Muslims Israel’s neighbors, including Egypt, attacked, but Israel won the war Palestinian lands came under control of Israel, Jordan, and Egypt In 1954 Egyptian leader Gamal Abdel Nasser became friends w/ USSR He seized the Suez Canal, controlled by Britain Britain and France threatened war, but the USSR said they would defend Egypt US told BR. And FR. To give up, and they did Truman Doctrine Issued Said that the US would help any nation resist communism