Aftermath of the War

Spanish Flu Pandemic March 1918 – Spring, 1919 "Obey the laws, and wear the gauze, protect your jaws, from septic paws…"

Origin of the disease? Unknown First major outbreak occurred at Kansas army base on March 11, Troops carried disease to Europe Killed eight million people in May of 1918 in Spain (how it got its name).

Disease spread throughout the world with the movement of troops and supplies

Stats Killed an estimated 50 million people worldwide – Compared to 16 million in the war % of the world population contracted the disease 25% of the U.S. population U.S. Life Expectancy rate dropped by 12 years 57,000 soldiers died from the disease (53,000 died in combat) 2.5% worldwide mortality rate (today that would be...)

176,982,500 56% of the current United States Population The entire nation of Pakistan Twice the population of Germany

Public Policy response People were dropping dead on the street Churches, stores, theatres and public meetings were cancelled. Masks became mandatory Permission required to enter infected towns

Seattle Ministers complained about churches being closed "Religion that won't keep for two weeks, is not worth having.“ Mayor of Seattle

Fall 1918 Second wave of the flu hits Boston in August Flu mutated and was especially deadly 195,000 Americans died from the flu in October

H1N1 – How do we know? In October of 2005, the (CDC) isolated, decoded and replicated the entire sequence of the 1918 flu virus now known as H1N1 Retried virus from Inuit woman buried in mass grave in Brevik Mission, AK. She was buried under 6 feet of permafrost and dirt in Well preserved

Whom did it infect? The Spanish flu disproportionately affected the young and healthy. Healthy immune systems would over compensate to destroy the disease.

Cytokine storm

Women’s Suffrage U.S. and worldwide Nineteenth Amendment to the Constitution passed June 4, Section 1: The right of citizens of the United States to vote shall not be denied or abridged by the United States or by any State on account of sex. Section 2: Congress shall have power to enforce this article by appropriate legislation. First proposed in Congress in 1878 and introduced every year until it became part of the Constitution.

Amending the Constitution

Suffrage starts in the West Wyoming first to include suffrage in their State Constitution 1893 – Colorado, first state to amend their State Constitution to include sufffrage 1916 – Montana elects Jeanette Rankin to Congress

Always do what mom says Congress musters 2/3 majority Send to states for ratification Many southern states do not support suffrage Decision comes down to last vote in the Tennessee House – Harry Burns pulls note from his mother out of his pocket "Don't forget to be a good boy" and "vote for suffrage."