Announcement: The Course Test is Net week ! On Wednesday, October 12 It starts at 1 pm sharp

Test 20 minutes long Approximately 25 questions Questions are from: course lectures and text book (chapters 1-12, including chapter 12) Open book, open notes! bring your book

Building Environmental Systems What are BES? What do Architectural Engineers do with BES? What BES courses will you have to take? What additional options are there? Why is knowledge of BES useful to an architectural engineer?

What are BES? Mechanical Heating, ventilation, air conditioning (HVAC) Electrical Power generation Distribution Lighting Plumbing Specialty and communication Acoustics and noise control Transport

3D model – Biomedical Engineering (BME) Building Where are BES?

3D model – Biomedical Engineering (BME) Building

Structural vs. Environmental Systems in Buildings

Development of Building Role of environmental control Systems increases with modern buildings

Facade is not (only) structural systems

Space for Environmental Systems Rooftop units for smaller buildings Mechanical rooms (floors)

Space for Environmental Systems Ref: Tao and Janis (2001)

Cost of Environmental Systems

Total Energy Consumption by Source and Sector in U.S. (2007) Total primary energy: x Btu ( 29,700,000 thousand MWh) ~ 21% residential ~ 18% commercial

Building Energy Use and Green House Emission % 18.6% 35.8% 28.1% ~36%

Source: DOE HVAC - 45%

Energy Consumption Monthly Profile for 100,000 sf ECJ Building, UT at Austin ~12% ~96 MWh

Same Building in Minneapolis, Minnesota ~150% ~845 MWh NOTE: We would never build the same buildings in Austin and Minneapolis

Energy Bill for Residential Buildings

Analysis of Energy Consumption in Residential Buildings We are considering a model building used in Austin Energy analyses Model house: - Location in Austin -2300sf -R13 walls -R30 attic -4 occupants -Surface absorptivity to Solar rad.: 0.7 -Typical (average) internal loads -Infiltration/Ventilation 0.5 ACH - Double glazed widows -Glazing are 20% south, 25 north, 5% east and west - SHGC=0.54 (reflective – bronze - glass)

Where the Energy Goes? 30% cooling, 14% heating, 12% hot water, 44% light and appliances, and other internal electric devices Energy for heating and cooling (44%): contribution of internal heating loads: 2.3% contribution of all solar radiation through winnow: ~19% contribution of infiltration: 5.5% contribution of conduction through roof, walls, floor ~17% For different climate condition, or different house, or non- typical users these numbers will be different ! For other climate conditions, we would build this house differently

Target value for a new house in Austin New single family 2262 sf, 2-story home (Austin Energy Data)

HVAC systems

HVAC Largest share of energy use in buildings Substantial impact on indoor air quality (IAQ) What do Architectural Engineers do? Size conditioning and distribution systems Calculate heating and cooling loads Select materials Troubleshoot problems, building forensics Integrate HVAC into buildings Improve indoor air quality

Electrical Systems Photovoltaic systems

Electrical Systems System design Emergency power Alternative power sources Specialty systems What do Architectural Engineers do? Size system Design specialty systems Integrate with other systems

Lighting in buildings Restaurant with $70 meal Restaurant with $7 meal Light affect: Productivity Comfort/emotion Safety Sale ….

Lighting Significant energy use Occupant comfort, productivity, safety, health(?) Interaction with HVAC What do Architectural Engineers do? Design lighting levels Select type of bulbs and fixtures Integrate into building (daylighting)

Day lighting and artificial lighting What is the difference between this two pictures?

Building systems affect the costs First cost vs. Operating cost First cost Size of equipment Design parameters Operating cost Built-in equipment Operational parameters Energy analyses for optimum balance

What is Building Energy Analysis ? Design iterations to optimize shape and energy use Solutions: passive shadings positions and area of windows insulation value tightly sealed envelope high-performance window position of solar collectors Architectural models Energy-simulation models Design iterations

You will take at least 2 Courses: 1) 346N: Building Environmental Systems prerequisites: thermodynamics, physics 2) HVAC Design or Energy Simulation in Building Design What else can you take? Renewable Energy and Environmental Sustainability Design of Energy Efficient and Healthy Buildings Indoor Air Quality Building Energy Management Systems Advance Indoor Air Quality Impact on climate and mitigation Outside of our department Solar engineering Fire safety Lighting, ….etc.

Why Should You Care about building environmental systems? Excellent job opportunities, in Austin and nation wide. Focus on building durability, energy use, indoor air quality. Companies are hiring people that can work in teams. You will have to evaluate BES claims.

Students Interested in Sustainable Design LEED - Leadership in Energy and Environmental Design 1) LEED Certification require that building has analysis related to energy performance and indoor air quality 2) All government buildings require energy analysis