POPULATION UNIT TWO

Population

POPULATION DENSITY average number of people per square mile/kilometer Answer the following questions while viewing the Population Growth Documentary (Be ready to discuss the answers at the conclusion of the video) 1.What historical references were present when the population began to increase rapidly? 2.What historical references were present during times of drastic population decreases? 3.What do you think the heartbeat represents?

Population Distribution —where people live in a country, whether crowded together in cities or spread out across the countryside. Seven keys to where people prefer to globally live: 1. Mild climates Why? 2. Fertile soils (Arable Land) Why? 3. Adequate supply of fresh water Why? –Rivers, lakes

World Population Distribution 4. Most live near the edges of continents or coastal regions. Why?

5. 90% live in the Northern Hemisphere 6. 2/3 live in the Middle Latitudes Why? 7. Majority of people live near fertile river valleys Why? World Population Distribution

World Population Clusters East Asia (China 1.5 billion) South Asia (India over 1.2 billion) Europe Eastern North America

3 Major Factors that effect Population Changes 1.Birthrate—the number of births each year per every 1,000 people living in a place 2.Mortality (death) rate—the total number of deaths for every 1,000 people Infant Mortality Rate (IMR) —the total number of infant deaths for every 1,000 births 3.Migration—the process of moving from one place to live in another

Migration Emigrants—people who leave a country = EXIT Immigrants—people who move to a country = INCOMING Push factor—causes people to leave a location ◦Droughts, floods, war, corrupt governments, poverty Pull factor—attracts people to move to a location ◦Better economy (job opportunities), better climates, democracy, freedoms, schools, etc.

TYPE OF COUNTRIES AND POPULATION More Developed Countries (MDC) or Developed – Wealthy/high incomes, established government and economy, good health-care, good buildings, good education, low death rates and low birth rates. Ex. US, EU countries of Europe, Japan, Canada Newly Industrialized Countries (NIC) – Some government, economy, education, industry is growing in specific areas. Ex. BRIC countries: Brazil, Russia, India and China Lesser Developed Countries (LDC) or Underdeveloped – Poor/low incomes, unsuitable education, poor to no health-care, and often live in very poor housing, high birth rate and high death rates. Ex. Majority of African countries, good portion of Asia.

How we read a county’s population? POPULATION PYRAMID Breaks a country’s population down according to Age Groups and Gender

INTERPRETING POPULATION PYRAMIDS Birth Rate, Death Rate and Migration are the 3 factors that alter a country’s population We can infer levels of Development, make future predictions, and even see historical events such as wars

What level of development would this country have? UNDERDEVELOPED OR LDC What do you notice about this pyramid? Wide base indicates large birth rates Narrow top and consistent taper indicates high death rates

What is the difference between the population between 0 to 25 years on this pyramid compared to the previous pyramid? MIDDLE INCOME/ DEVELOPING Some improvements have been made in the last 9 years

Compare the men and women, what historical event would explain the pattern you see? What level of development would this country have? DEVELOPED More people living to 100 years, decreases in birth rates How do you know this is WWII?

Population Pyramids and the Demographic Transition Model

STAGE 5 PYRAMID JAPAN, ITALY AND GERMANY LARGEST POPULATION IS THE OLDER GROUPS COUNTRIES HAVE NEGATIVE BIRTH RATE ◦POPULATION DECREASE POPULATION IS ON A RAPID DECLINE

DEMOGRAPHIC TRANSITION MODEL Which stage will have the largest population increase?

Demographic Transition Model

What is the Demographic Transition Model (DTM)? The demographic transition model explains the transformation of countries from having high birth and death rates to low birth and death rates. In developed countries this transition began in the 18th century and continues today. Less developed countries began the transition later and many are still in earlier stages of the model.

Task One Make a copy of the DTM in your notes Make sure you add appropriate labels/detail. 10 minutes

Stage One Birth Rate is high because of: Lack of family planning High Infant Mortality Rate: putting babies in the 'bank' Need for workers in agriculture Religious beliefs Children as economic assets Death Rate is high because of: High levels of disease Famine Lack of clean water and sanitation Lack of health care War Competition for food from predators such as rats Lack of education Typical of Britain in the 18th century and the no countries are within this stage today, but some specific groups of people are still within this stage. Birth Rate and Death rate are both high. Population growth is slow and fluctuating.

Stage Two Death Rate is falling as a result of: Improved health care (e.g. Smallpox Vaccine) Improved Hygiene (Water for drinking boiled) Improved sanitation Improved food production and storage Improved transport for food Decreased Infant Mortality Rates Typical of Britain in 19th century; Bangladesh; Nigeria Birth Rate remains high. Death Rate is falling. Population begins to rise steadily.

Stage Three Reasons behind birth and death rate falling: Family planning available Lower Infant Mortality Rate Increased mechanization reduces need for workers Increased standard of living Changing status of women Typical of Britain in late 19th and early 20th century; China; Brazil Birth Rate starts to fall. Death Rate continues to fall. Population rising.

Stage Four Birth Rate is low. Death Rate is low. Population steady. Typical of USA; Sweden; Japan; Britain

Stage Five Birth Rate slight fall. Death Rate stable. Natural increase: gentle decrease Reasons for changes in birth rate: Family planning Better health but not always, chronic diseases plague some countries like Russia. Later marriages Reasons for changes in death rate: Good health care, again not always because of new chronic diseases. Typical of Germany

STAGE 5 Death Rates drop as low as is possible Birth Rates continue to drop Total Population begins to decrease Japan and Germany are two example of stage 5 countries JAPAN 2050

What limitations do you think there could be with the model?  It does not include the influences of migration  It assumes that all countries will go through the same pattern  There is no time scale  Reasons for birth rates and death rates are very different in different countries What are the limitations?