Cells Unit 1 Test Review Biology and Honors Biology

Draw a water molecule and label the atoms and their partial charges. 1.Name the three atoms that make up a water molecule. 2. Draw a water molecule. 3. Label the partial charges on that water molecule. 1 O and 2 H

Distinguish between adhesion and cohesion. Adhesion or Cohesion? 4.Water droplets have a tendency to merge together into one if close enough. 5.Water will travel up as a single column in a plant stem. 6.Water will stick to the side of a graduated cylinder, forming a meniscus. Cohesion Adhesion

List the four atoms that make up the four macromolecules. Name the four most abundant atoms in the macromolecules that make up living cells. Carbon Oxygen Hydrogen Nitrogen

Distinguish between a monomer and polymer. List the four macromolecules and name the monomer for each. Name the monomer of each polymer below. 7.A carbohydrate, such as starch. 8.A lipid. 9.A protein/polypeptide. 10.A nucleic acid. A simple sugar, like glucose A fatty acid An amino acid A nucleotide, like A, T, C, or G

Describe the role of proteins in living organisms. 11. Why are proteins so important to living organisms? They physically make up your body, especially your hair, skin, nails, muscles, and organs. They allow the cell membrane to transport large and polar molecules. They are the enzymes that allow your body to complete chemical reactions.

Describe Anton Van Leeuwenhoek’s contribution to cellular biology. 12. Why is Anton van Leeuwenhoek referred to as the “Father of Microbiology”? He was the first to view and record specimens (pond water protozoa) using a microscope.

List the three principles of the cell theory. 13.The cell theory states that … a.Cells are the basic unit of life. b.All living things are made of cells. c.And that cells come from _______________________. Other cells

14. Name the four cell structures in common to all cell types. Cell Membrane Cytoplasm DNA Ribosomes

Distinguish between a prokaryotic and eukaryotic cell. 15. What structure is present in eukaryotic cells but not prokaryotic cells? Nucleus

Describe the function of the following cell parts: nucleus, cytoplasm, vacuole, cytoskeleton, microtubules, microfilaments, plastids, ribosomes, golgi complex, mitochondria, chloroplasts, cell wall, and cell membrane. Name the cell structure that goes with each function. 16. Stores DNA. 17. The filling of the cell that surrounds the nucleus. 18. Breaks down organelles that are no longer useful. 19. Makes proteins using coded instructions from the nucleus. Nucleus Cytoplasm Lysosomes Ribosomes

Describe the function of the following cell parts: nucleus, cytoplasm, vacuole, cytoskeleton, microtubules, microfilaments, plastids, ribosomes, golgi complex, mitochondria, chloroplasts, cell wall, and cell membrane. Name the cell structure that goes with each function. 20. Modifies, sorts, and packages proteins for storage or release from the cell. 21. Converts energy (2 possible answers.) 22. Only in plants and bacteria. Supports and protects the cell. 23. Serves as a boundary to the cell’s environment and regulates the movement of materials into and out of the cell. Golgi Mitochondria and chloroplast Cell Wall Cell Membrane

Describe the function of the cell membrane Diffusion, Osmosis, or Active Transport? 24. Yum! Something smells good. The neighbors are cooking on the grill. 25. Gargling with salt water when you have a sore throat causes your swollen throat cells to shrink and feel better. 26. Oxygen molecules move from the air sacs in the lungs across the cell membranes into the blood. 27. This type of transport against the concentration gradient requires energy. 28. One way to get rid of slugs in your garden is to sprinkle salt on them, so they shrivel up. Diffusion Osmosis Active Transport

Predict the direction of movement of particles across a membrane by diffusion. Predict the direction of movement of water through a membrane by osmosis. 29. Will the particles move in or out of the cell? OUT

Predict the direction of movement of particles across a membrane by diffusion. Predict the direction of movement of water through a membrane by osmosis. 30. Will the particles move in or out of the cell? IN

Predict the direction of movement of particles across a membrane by diffusion. Predict the direction of movement of water through a membrane by osmosis. 31. Is this cell hypo-, hyper, or isotonic? HYPERTONIC

Predict the direction of movement of particles across a membrane by diffusion. Predict the direction of movement of water through a membrane by osmosis. 32. Where will water move in this cell? IN AND OUT AT AN EQUAL RATE

Distinguish between endocytosis and exocytosis 33. Which type of bulk transport is this? ENDOCYTOSIS

Distinguish between a plant and animal cell. 34. Name the three structures of a plant cell that animal cells do not have. Cell Wall Cytoplasm Central Vacuole

35. Where will water move to in this experiment (into or out of bag)? INTO

36. What is this movement of water called? OSMOSIS

37. Would this movement create a hypotonic, isotonic, or hypertonic state? HYPOTONIC

38. The gummy bear on the left is in a hypotonic state. Into what liquid was it most likely placed? PURE WATER

39. Dialysis tubing allows small solute particles to pass through it. What is this property of dialysis tubing (and cell membranes) called? SELECTIVE PERMEABILITY

40. Where will the solute, glucose, move to in this experiment (into or out of bag)? OUT

41. What is this movement of solute particles called? DIFFUSION

42. Why do glucose particles move out of the bag? PARTICLES MOVE FROM AREAS OF HIGH CONCENTRATION TO LOW CONCENTRATION TO REACH EQUAL CONCENTRATION HIGH LOW

43. An egg placed in corn syrup will shrivel up and lose mass. Why? WATER MOVES TO HIGHLY CONCENTRATED CORN SYRUP OR VINEGAR PARTICLE MOVE TO WHERE THERE IS A LOW CONCENTRATION OF VINEGAR

44. Is this a plant cell or animal cell? How do you know? PLANT CELL. IT HAS… VACUOLE, CELL WALL, CHLOROPLAST, AND IS RECTANGLE

45. Which organelle allows a plant to regulate its homeostasis through osmosis? VACUOLE

46. Why would these animal cells rupture in hypotonic conditions, whereas a plant cell would not? THEY DO NOT HAVE A CELL WALL

Requires energy or does NOT require energy? 47. Osmosis? 48. Diffusion? 49. Facilitated Diffusion? 50. Active Transport? DOES NOT DOES

51. Since active transport goes AGAINST the natural concentration gradient, it requires energy. It also requires __________________ (A) embedded in the cell membrane. PROTEINS

Some molecules are too large to move through the membrane, so the cell must use bulk transport, which also requires energy. Name the two types of transport shown ENDOCYTOSIS EXOCYTOSIS

54. Name the energy molecule that the cell utilizes for transport of materials AND other important life functions ATP