© 2013 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. May not be scanned, copied or duplicated, or posted to a publicly accessible website, in whole or in part. © 2014 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. May not be scanned, copied or duplicated, or posted to a publicly accessible website, in whole or in part. Chapter 4 Tissues and Membranes

© 2014 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. May not be scanned, copied or duplicated, or posted to a publicly accessible website, in whole or in part. Tissues Tissues are groups of cells Epithelial tissue Connective tissue Muscle tissue Nervous tissue

© 2014 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. May not be scanned, copied or duplicated, or posted to a publicly accessible website, in whole or in part. Epithelial Tissue - Covering and Lining Squamous epithelial cells Cuboidal epithelial cells Columnar epithelial cells

© 2014 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. May not be scanned, copied or duplicated, or posted to a publicly accessible website, in whole or in part. Epithelial Tissue - Glandular and Secretory Endocrine gland cells Exocrine gland cells

© 2014 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. May not be scanned, copied or duplicated, or posted to a publicly accessible website, in whole or in part. Connective Tissue - Adipose Stores lipid Acts as filler tissue Cushions, supports, and insulates the body

© 2014 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. May not be scanned, copied or duplicated, or posted to a publicly accessible website, in whole or in part. Connective Tissue - Areolar (Loose) Elastin tissue Collagen

© 2014 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. May not be scanned, copied or duplicated, or posted to a publicly accessible website, in whole or in part. Connective Tissue - Dense Fibrous Ligaments Tendons Aponeuroses Fasciae

© 2014 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. May not be scanned, copied or duplicated, or posted to a publicly accessible website, in whole or in part. Connective Tissue - Supportive Osseous (bone) tissue Cartilage –Hyaline –Fibrocartilage –Elastic cartilage

© 2014 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. May not be scanned, copied or duplicated, or posted to a publicly accessible website, in whole or in part. Connective Tissue - Vascular (Liquid Blood Tissue) Blood Lymph

© 2014 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. May not be scanned, copied or duplicated, or posted to a publicly accessible website, in whole or in part. Muscle Tissue Cardiac Skeletal (striated voluntary) Smooth (nonstriated involuntary)

© 2014 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. May not be scanned, copied or duplicated, or posted to a publicly accessible website, in whole or in part. Nervous Tissue Irritability Conductivity

© 2014 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. May not be scanned, copied or duplicated, or posted to a publicly accessible website, in whole or in part. Effects of Aging on Tissue Cells become larger and less able to divide and reproduce Increase in pigments and lipids inside cells Waste products accumulate in the tissue –Cell membranes change and carbon dioxide and wastes have difficulty getting out

© 2014 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. May not be scanned, copied or duplicated, or posted to a publicly accessible website, in whole or in part. Effects of Aging on Tissue Lipofusion collects Connective tissue becomes progressively stiff Increased difficulty receiving oxygen and nutrients Many tissues lose mass and atrophy

© 2014 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. May not be scanned, copied or duplicated, or posted to a publicly accessible website, in whole or in part. Membranes Two thin layers of tissue together form a membrane Epithelial membranes Connective membranes

© 2014 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. May not be scanned, copied or duplicated, or posted to a publicly accessible website, in whole or in part. Epithelial Membranes Mucous membranes –Respiratory mucosa –Gastric mucosa –Intestinal mucosa

© 2014 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. May not be scanned, copied or duplicated, or posted to a publicly accessible website, in whole or in part. Epithelial Membranes Serous membranes (parietal and visceral) –Pleural membrane –Pericardial membrane –Peritoneal membrane Cutaneous membranes

© 2014 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. May not be scanned, copied or duplicated, or posted to a publicly accessible website, in whole or in part. Epithelial Membranes © 2014 Cengage Learning.

© 2014 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. May not be scanned, copied or duplicated, or posted to a publicly accessible website, in whole or in part. Connective Membranes Synovial membrane –Two layers of connective tissue Lines joint cavities Secretes synovial fluid, which prevents friction inside the joint cavity

© 2014 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. May not be scanned, copied or duplicated, or posted to a publicly accessible website, in whole or in part. Organs An organ is tissues grouped together to form a specific function Organs coordinate their activities to form a complete functional organism Organ system –Group of organs that acts together to perform a specific, related function

© 2014 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. May not be scanned, copied or duplicated, or posted to a publicly accessible website, in whole or in part. Organ Systems Skeletal Muscular Digestive Respiratory Circulatory

© 2014 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. May not be scanned, copied or duplicated, or posted to a publicly accessible website, in whole or in part. Organ Systems Excretory Nervous Endocrine Reproductive Integumentary

© 2014 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. May not be scanned, copied or duplicated, or posted to a publicly accessible website, in whole or in part. Tissue and Organ Transplant Blood transfusions are an example of a tissue transplant All transplants (tissue and organs) must be cross-matched so recipient’s immune system will not attack the donated organ Rejection is main problem in organ transplants

© 2014 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. May not be scanned, copied or duplicated, or posted to a publicly accessible website, in whole or in part. Disease and Injury to Tissue Infection Inflammation Trauma Abnormal growth of cells Birth defects

© 2014 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. May not be scanned, copied or duplicated, or posted to a publicly accessible website, in whole or in part. Tissue Repair Primary repair Secondary repair