Village Leaders in Village Governance and Development -China Cases Prof. Liu Yonggong College of Humanities and Development China Agricultural University 21 September A Presentation to ASEAN+3 Village Leader Exchange Program, 2016, Shanghai

Contents 1.Administrative Villages: as basic Bodies for Rural Development 2.The Village governance Structure in China 3.Roles of Village Leaders in Village Village governance and development 4.Successful Cases of Village governance and Development led by innovative village leaders 5.Experiences of China’s successful Cases in Village Development 6.Issues for Discussion

1. Administrative villages: Basic Bodies for Rural Development An overview of the Chinese administrative structure China has a largest population (1.37 billion) in the world, for governing the large population, there are five administrative levels in China:  Province: 34  Prefecture: 333  County: 2860  Township: 42,000  Administrative village: 680,000

China’s Administrative System LevelNumberRemarks Provinces34 Prefectures333Commissioned by the provincial government for governing 2880 counties Counties2860Including districts and cities Townships42,000Government organs set up at the this level Administrative Villages680,000Data of No government organs, governed by village leaders Sub-villages5.2 millionThere are sub-village directors Households200 millionData of 2010 Population671.3 millionData of 2010

1. Administrative villages: Basic Bodies for Rural Development  In the multi-layer administrative system village leaders as actors at grassroots level play very important roles in village governance and community development

1. Administrative villages: Basic Bodies for Rural Development  The organizational structure in a Chinese Administrative Village  In the plain areas: an administrative village consists of 4-5 villager’s groups/sub-villages  In the mountainous and upland areas: an administrative consists of 5-8 sub- villages/dwellings spatially scattered in a watersheds  Small and separate resident points consisting of 5-10 households

2. The Village Governance Structure in China  Governance structure in A Chinese Administrative Village  There two governing bodies in an administrative village: (1) Party Branch Committee; (2) Village Committee  Party Branch Committee is elected by the party members in the village;  Village Committee is elected by all villagers through voting  Post duration of two village committees: three years

2. The Village Governance Structure in China  According to PRC Law of Organization of Villagers’ Committee (1998) the Villagers’ Committee is a legal body for villager self governance.  Villager committee is a villager’s self- governance, self-education and self-service organization

2. The Village Governance Structure in China  The 4-D Principles of Villager’s Self Governance:  Democratic election;  Democratic decision making;  Democratic governance;  Democratic supervision;

Organizational structure of village governance bodies in China Village governance Village committee Village Director Villager’s representative meeting Villager’s gathering meeting Party branch committee Party secretary Party member meeting Cooperative board committee President Member’s representative meeting Member’s gathering meeting

2. The Village Governance Structure in China  Composition of the villager committee: 3-7 persons  The election of the committee members: elected by all villagers every three years;

Major functions of village governing bodies Governing bodiesMajor functions Party BranchOverall leadership on village governance and economic development Village CommitteeExecuting body for village governance and development, such as development planning, applying governmental projects, public social services, public good provision, etc. Village CooperativeIn charge of economic development, cooperative development, market development, etc.

2. The Village Governance Structure in China  Community based organizations governed by village committee and party branch committee:  All China Women’s Federation Branch  Chinese Youth League  Farmer’s Cooperatives  Other Associations

2. The Village Governance Structure in China  Who are the village leaders?  Village Party Branch Committee/Village Committee as decision making body  Leaders: Party Secretary &Village Director. Party Secretary is elected by the party members in the village; Village director is elected by all villagers;  One Person with two positions: for some villages, one person takes two roles as party secretary and village committee leader as well.  In case of two persons, conflicts between two leaders  Commissioned village party secretary from county government

2. The Village Governance Structure in China  Village governance mechanism:  All villager’s gathering;  Villager’s representative meeting;  Villager’s consultation meeting;  Party branch + village committee meeting for decision making; “one issue one meeting”  Village governance information disclosure/publicity

3. Roles of village leaders in village development  Planning village development, economic development;  Mobilization of collective actions of individual villagers  Poverty reduction  Social services to villagers  Receiving governmental supports and distributing to individual households

3. Roles village leaders in village development  Mediation and mitigation of social conflict between villagers  Community Environmental Protection and Hygiene Improvement  Land use right re/distribution

Mobilization of collective actions in infrastructure construction

4. Successful Cases in Village Governance and Development  Hancunhe Village, Beijing: Driven by Construction Enterprise  Liuminying Village, Beijing: Based on Ecological Agriculture Development  Huaxicun Village, Jiangsu: Based on Industry Development  Nanjiecun Village, Hennan:Based on Agro- Industry Development

Han Cunhe Village, Beijing  Located in Southwest of Beijing  Population: 2700  Land Area: 2.4 square km  Arable land:2000 mu  Enterprise: HanJian Group Co. LTD  Village Leader: Mr. Tian Xiong

Han Cunhe Village  Mr. Tian Xiong, Party Secretary and Village Enterprise Manager General:  : Team Leader of Hancunhe Construction Team  Party Secretary of Han Cunhe, President of HanJian Construction Group

Han Cunhe Village-Industry Village Industry  HanJian Construction  HanJian Pipe Manufacture  HanJian Estate  HanJian Finance Village Enterprise  Leisure Agriculture  Hotel and Restaurants  Horticulture

Han Cunhe Village-landscape

Han Cunhe Village: industry Construction Pipe Manufacture Finance Estate

Huanxi Village, Jiangsu  Located in Jiangyin City, Jiangsu Province  Population: Huaxi Village: 1520; Huaxi Group with 20 villages: 35,000  Area: Huaxi Village: 0.96 k ㎡ ; Huaxi Group 35 k ㎡  Village leader: Mr. Wu Renbao

Huanxi Village, Jiangsu Wu Renbao, Party Secretary of Huaxi Village More than 40 years Village leader of No. 1 Village of China  Huaxi Village Party Secretary.  Party Secretary of Huaxi Village, Manager General of Huaxi Group Co. LTD;  2001 merged Huaxi Village to with 20 villages extended the area to 35 k ㎡

Huanxi Village, Jiangsu Village Economy:  123 enterprises covering agriculture, steel, texitile, commerce, processing, tourism, hotel/restaurant logistics, etc.  Production value: 52.4 billion CNY (2012)  Employment: 25,000

Huaxi Village-Landscape

Huaxi Village-Agriculture

Huaxi Village-Industry

Huaxi Village-Environment

Huaxi Village-Wealthy Life

Liuminying Village, Beijing  Liuminying Village is located in South Part of Beijing  Area: 1.5 k ㎡  Population:900  Village Leader: Mr. Zhang Zhanlin

Liuminying Village, Beijing  Mr. Zhang Zhanlin  Economy  Organic food/green food vegetables and livestock products  Biogas generation for household use  Eco-tourism  Food Processing  Received UN praise for ecological development 1.Liu Mingying Village Party Secretary from 1969 to promoted the ecological agriculture in the village started the organic farming

Liuminying Village: Eco-Farm

Liuminying Village-Organic Products

Nanjiecun Village, Henan  Located in central part of Henan Province with very good geo-location  Area: 1.78k ㎡  Population: 3400  Village Leader: Mr. Wang Hongbin

Nanjiecun Village, Henan Village Leader: Mr. Wang Hongbin Economy  Since 1977, village party secretary and Manager General of Nanjiecun Group  Nanjiecun Group Co. LTD  Food processing  Drinks  Beer brewery  Pharmacy  Packing industry  Ink products  Livestock breeding  Eco-tourism Employees: 11,000

Nanjiecun Village Products Community infrastructure

5. Experiences of China’s Successful Cases in Village Governance and development  Experiences  Key roles of village leaders in village development, in planning, accessing to market, organizing the collective actions for infrastructure construction and green food and organic food production  Key roles in preparing and applying governmental investment projects  Identifying the niche products and opportunities for economic development  Governmental policy supports and investments to village development are decisive preconditions for village development

5. Experiences of China’s successful Cases in Village Governance and development  Roles of village leaders in value chain development  Selection of the products  Coordination of the collective actions within the communities  Promotion of the new technology adoption and dissemination, demonstration  Development of market access for individual households

5. Experiences of China’s Successful Cases in Village Governance and development  Village leaders are:  Innovators  Promoters  Mediators  Organizers  Entrepreneur for promoting the village economic and social development

5. Experiences of China’s Successful Cases in Village Governance and development  For effectively playing these roles, village leaders need:  Full dedication and commitment to your position;  Development of your leadership competences, organization and mobilization, coordination, decision making, facilitation to villagers;  Capacity and skills of village development planning, implementation, Monitoring and Evaluation, etc.  Interpersonal Communication Skills

6. Group discussion  What experiences you can learn from Chinese village development successful cases?  Can you prepare a list of village leader’s tasks and roles in village development?  As village leader, what key qualifications and competences do you need for fulfilling your functions and roles in village development?

Thank you very much for your attention and active participation ! Contact information: Prof. Liu Yonggong