Fare clic per modificare lo stile del sottotitolo dello schema MOUTH - THROAT

Fare clic per modificare lo stile del sottotitolo dello schema TONGUE The eight muscles of the human tongue are classified as either intrinsic or extrinsic. The four intrinsic muscles act to change the shape of the tongue, and are not attached to any bone. The four extrinsic muscles act to change the position of the tongue, and are anchored to bone.

Tongue The tongue is a muscular hydrostat on the floors of the mouths of most vertebrates which manipulates food for mastication. It is the primary organ of taste, as much of the upper surface of the tongue is covered in papillae and taste buds. It is sensitive and kept moist by saliva. In humans a secondary function of the tongue is phonetic articulation.muscular hydrostatmouthsvertebratesfoodmasticationorgantastepapillae and taste budshumansphonetic articulation

Digestion The digestion is divided into two types: mechanical and chemical. Mechanical : The body parts responsable for mechanical digestion are: muscles of mouth, tongue,theeth.

The mechanical digestion is a process that converts food into smaller pieces (such as chewing) and mix better with other liquids (such as occurs in the stomach) but that doesn't transforms food into other substances, because it doesn't breaks down its molecules.

Chemical Digestion the chemical digestion is a process that transorm the molecules of the food into other molecules. In other words transforms the food into other substances. The action of the saliva of the gastric juice are example of chemical digestion

Salivary glands The salivary glands are exocrine glands, glands with ducts, that produce saliva. Saliva contains amylase, an enzyme that breaks down starch into maltose.

SALIVA Saliva is a watery substance located in the mouths of organisms, secreted by the salivary glands. Human saliva is 99.5% water, while the other 0.5% consists of electrolytes, mucus, glycoproteins, enzymes, and antibacterial compounds such as secretory IgA and lysozyme. Saliva is very important for: -digestion of sugar -digestion of lipids -disinfect -ormonal function

MOUTH

the mouth is the first portion of the alimentary canal that receives food. The first space of the mouth is the mouth cavity, bounded laterally and in front by the alveolar arches (containing the teeth), and posteriorly by the isthmus of the fauces.

TEETH Teeth of humans are small, calcified, hard, and are found in the mouth. They function in mechanically breaking down food by cutting and crushing them in preparation for swallowing and digestion. The roots of teeth are embedded in the maxilla (upper jaw) or the mandible (lower jaw) and are covered by gums.

What happens after swallowing? Swallowing transports the chewed food into the esophagus. The mechanism for swallowing is coordinated by the swallowing center in the medulla oblongata and pons. The reflex is initiated by touch receptors in the pharynx as the bolus of food is pushed to the back of the mouth.

Epiglottis The epiglottis is a flap that is made of elastic cartilage tissue covered with a mucous membrane, attached to the entrance of the larynx.elastic cartilagemucous membranelarynx

● So, when you swallow, your epiglottis closes, in order to allow the passage of the food in the esophagus and than in the stomach. To do that, esophagus contract pulling food down: this symmetrical contraction and relaxation of muscles which propagates in a wave down the muscular tube in called PERISTALSIS.