Show how air takes up space by cup turned upside down

Physical Properties They can be observed or measured without changing the matter’s identity. Examples are: Color, odor, volume, state (gas, liquid, solid), thermal conductivity, electrical conductivity, solubility, magnetism, ductility, malleability, and density, boiling/melting point.

Thermal conductivity- how a substance transfers heat. Metals have high thermal conductivity and Styrofoam has low thermal conductivity. Copper bottom pans. Electrical conductivity- how freely or easily a substance allows the electrons to flow in the material. Metals generally good conductors and plastics and rubber are poor conductors. Copper wire in homes.

Magnetism- a property of some materials to attract iron. Can be created also by an electric current being passed through a material. State- whether the matter is a solid, liquid, or gas. Determined by how much energy the substance has. Color- visual identification of matter. Odor- how matter smells.

Solubility The ability of a substance to dissolve in another substance. Water is known as the universal solvent. Solute is what dissolves and solvent is what the solute is dissolved in.

Solubility Examples Which is more soluble sugar or salt in water? Solubility of tang orange drink.

Ductility An extremely important physical property that allows a substance to be drawn into a thin wire. Most metal are ductile. Most nonmetals are not ductile. Example is electric copper wire or aluminum wire

Ductile Example Use cotton and draw it into yarn being sure students understand metal being drawn is at high pressure and temperature. Cotton is just an example.

Malleability Another extremely important physical property and is the ability of a substance to be beat into thin sheets. example blanks for making coins, aluminum foil, gold leaf.

Density Density of a pure substance is always the same at a given temperature and pressure. Density of water is 1.0 g/ml whether it is 1 ml or 1 ocean full of water. Density =Mass/Volume and is extremely important in science in identifying unknown substances.

Liquid layers of Density

Identifying Substances Physical properties that are useful in identifying substances are density, melting point, boiling point, solubility, and specific heat.

Specific Heat The amount of energy that is required to change the temperature of one kilogram of material one degree Celsius. The lower the specific heat the easier it is for t he temperature to be raised. Metals generally have low specific heat and water has very high specific heat.

Specific Heat Seat belt buckle vs. the actual seat belt cloth which has the highest specific heat? The metal lead vs. water which has the highest specific heat? The air around a swimming pool or the water in the swimming pool which has the highest specific heat? If your parents own property around a large body of water the water absorbs heat during the day and slowly releases it at night helping to stabilize the temperature in that area,

Physical Change Physical changes do not change the physical properties of a substance. Examples crushing a can, ice melting, freezing/melting water, bending a nail, dissolving coffee, cutting a stick of wood in half, melting butter, sugar in water, water freezing, sanding wood, scrambled eggs.

Chemical Properties Chemical properties describe matter based on it’s ability to change into new matter that has different properties. Two main chemical properties are flammability and reactivity.

Flammability The ability of a substance to burn.

Reactivity Is the ability of two or more substances to combine and form one or more new substances. Example: rust forming on a nail or old car bumper, hydrogen and oxygen forming water, sodium and chlorine forming salt, green color of copper exposed to air.

Signs of a Chemical Change A chemical reaction that produces one of the following: a change in color or odor, release of energy as sound, heat, light, clouding, or bubbling (sign of a gas being created). A precipitate forms when two chemical dissolved in water create a cloudy solid.

Physical changes do not change the composition of a substance. Chemical changes do alter the composition of a substance. Physical changes are easily reversed(water melts/freezes). Chemical changes are not easily reversed (cake ingredients/baking a cake, scrambled eggs).

Get YouTube video if precipitate forming