CERN Large Hadron Collider

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Presentation transcript:

CERN Large Hadron Collider Ref: www.cern.ch

What did the LHC do? Energies & Modes: Proton-Proton 2011 3.5+3.5 TeV 1380 on 1380 bunches 1368 on 1262 bunches Lead-208 (82+)- Lead 2011 1.38+1.38 TeV/u 2012 none (?) 358 on 358 bunches Proton-Lead 2013 4.0+1.577TeV/u 338 on 338 bunches

What “will” the LHC do? Restart in early 2015. Beam energy increase from 4 TeV to 6.5 TeV. So 13 TeV in proton-proton collisions. Consider shortening the spacing from 50 ns to 25. Can decrease the bunch population for same luminosity. Long term: HL-LHC, high luminosity LHeC, electron beam

LHC Magnets for your students... Superconducting dipole magnet has no iron and a lot of current current in its wire coils. Magnetic field limited by how well you make your supercond. wire and how much current it can carry. Usual dipole magnet (normally conducting), has a lot of iron and current in its wire coils. Magnetic field limited to all the magnetic domains in the iron aligned, about 1.8 Tesla.

More Magnets... A little Special Relativity... Just like the textbooks, almost... And the centripetal force for circular motion, All together In Accelerator physics it is usually written in the form

Any guesses? More Magnets... What we are doing: Some numbers for the LHC: 1232 Dipole Magnets, 15m Length, 27km circumference 7 TeV Design, 11850 Amps, 8.33 Tesla 4 TeV actual, 6770 Amps, 4.8 Tesla The radius of curvature of the orbit at 4.8 Tesla AND 4 TeV is... The radius of curvature of the orbit at 8.33 Tesla AND 7 TeV is... Any guesses?

More Magnets... What we are doing: Some numbers for the LHC: 1232 Dipole Magnets, 15m Length, 27km circumference 7 TeV Design, 11850 Amps, 8.33 Tesla 4 TeV actual, 6770 Amps, 4.8 Tesla The radius of curvature of the orbit at 4.8 Tesla AND 4 TeV is... The radius of curvature of the orbit at 8.33 Tesla AND 7 Tev is... The LHC ring does not change here. Its size is fixed, r is fixed.

Links https://lhc-statistics.web.cern.ch/LHC-Statistics/# http://www.lhcportal.com/ http://home.web.cern.ch/topics/large-hadron-collider http://cds.cern.ch/record/1165534/files/CERN-Brochure-2009-003-Eng.pdf http://home.web.cern.ch/ aa

Large Hadron Collider (LHC)‏ Circumference 27 km Two beams opposite directions proton on proton 8 TeV 1380 on 1380 bunches Energies: Linac 50 MeV PSB 1.4 GeV PS 28 GeV SPS 450 GeV LHC 3.5 TeV 4.0 TeV (soon) 6.5 TeV Ref: Introduction to Accelerators, Elena Wildner, CERN

Units?