JOURNALISM IN A DEMONCRACY Chapter 1. America’s first newspapers Usually one page Contained : letters, essays and material borrowed from many sources.

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JOURNALISM IN A DEMONCRACY Chapter 1

America’s first newspapers Usually one page Contained : letters, essays and material borrowed from many sources 1690 – Publick Occurrences – Boston – Benjamin Harris British authorities closed after only one issue 1704 – Boston News-letter – John Campbell – published “by authority”

Examples

Establishment of Freedom of the Press 1735 – truth as a defense against libel charges established up to this point rule was – “the greater the truth, the greater the libel” John Peter Zenger – New York Weekly Journal printed stories critical of Governor William Cosby Zenger arrested on charges of seditious libel Andrew Hamilton defended Zenger Used truth as defense jury found Zenger not guilty

The Birth of the Nation Were it left to me to decide whether we should have a government without newspapers or newspapers without a government, I should not hesitate to prefer the latter.” Thomas Jefferson

Partisan Press Media supports one political party over another 1775 – Whigs vs. Tories by newspapers being published end of war – 1791 First Amendment ratified 1 st daily newspaper – Pennsylvania Post opens – first student newspaper opens – Students Gazette – Friends Latin School - Pennsylvania

The Penny Press 1833 – Benjamin Day founds News York Sun first paper filled with actual news sold for a penny (roughly 78 cents today) advertising took on major role 1835 – James Gordon Bennett founds New York Morning Herald 1841 Horace Greeley founds founds New York Tribune 1851 – New York Times founded by Henry Raymond 1896 bought by Adolph Ochs – coined phrase “All the news that’s fit to print”

Women in the Press 1840s – Cornelia Walter editor of Boston Transcript 1850 – Jane Grey Swisshelm first woman to cover Congress

The Effect of the Telegraph

Yellow journalism

The Development of Minority Media

The Advent of Radio

The Impact of Television

The Effects of Technology

Journalism Today

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