SC’s History or European Settlement 8-1.3

JAMESTOWN First permanent English settlement in the New World (1607) Tobacco – Made settlement successful – first cash crop – tobacco plantations created conflict with local natives over land Established by a join stock company (The London Company)

The London Company Provided Landholding through paid passage to settlement (indentured servants) Late 1600s—African slaves became more reliable source of labor Established The House of Burgesses (1619) – gave settlers a voice in their governance

Jamestown Grew into colony of Virginia Established the pattern for the southern colonies

New England Colonies Founded as a haven for religious groups persecuted in England The Separatists (Pilgrims) landed at Plymouth after signing the Mayflower Compact in 1620 – Natives taught them how to plant corn and sustain themselves early on The Puritans landed in Massachusetts Bay in 1630s

Puritans made their own stock company and came to the New World with their own charter – “American idea that the people form the government” – Democratic form of government Town meetings General assembly Male church members could vote Set up trade using the wood from the surrounding forest

Establish schools: teach children to read the Bible Established religious conformity Dissenters: (did not conform to the societal standard) sent to other parts of the region Large families helped the quick spread of religion, democratic government, and trade

Middle Colonies Made up of a variety of Europeans – Dutch: settled New York – Swedes: settled Delaware – English Puritans: moved to middle colonies – Quakers: settled in Pennsylvania. – Religious dissenters; believed we all had an inner light – Promoted religious tolerance – Wanted good relationships with natives which helped to attract other groups to the colony

Greatest diversity of people and religions in British North America. William Penn: granted land by King Charles II as repayment of a family debt Penn had the rights of a proprietor – could name the governor of the colony Economic prosperity due to: – fertile fields and good location to harbors Became known as the “breadbasket” of the colonies

South Carolina Colony Founded as a proprietary colony – King Charles II granted land to the eight Lords Proprietors as repayment of debts incurred in reclaiming the throne (just like Penn in Pennsylvania.) – Proprietors hoped to make a profit by charging settlers a quitrent (rent) on the land

They commissioned John Locke to write the Fundamental Constitutions of Carolina Includes policies for: – Religious toleration to attract settlers – Created a social class system based on titles for large landholders – Headright System granted large tracts of land This system lead to the formation of large Plantations based on cash crops This made SC a distinctly southern colony

Who were the first settlers? – Englishmen who emigrated from the British colony of Barbados and brought a well- developed slave system with them.

What made the Plantation owners so wealthy? – slavery allowed Plantations owners to make huge profits

What else helped Plantations thrive? – SC’s natural resources: fertile land, mild climate, and many waterways used in irrigation and trade

This wealth attracted other settlers from: – France, Switzerland, Germany, Scotland and Ireland

What else attracted settlers to SC? – The Fundamental Constitutions of Carolina assured religious choice. French Huguenots and Jewish settlers.

Early SC Government Lord Proprietors controlled the government through a Governor and Grand Council They acted as representatives for the – Proprietors, – Elite, – and a much smaller representation of the common people of the colony *small degree of democracy from the beginning, like other colonies