Chapter 1 Section 5

Colonial America Grows  High birthrate, improved housing and sanitation reasons for growth  Immigration also contributed  300,000 Euro. arrived  Many went to Pennsylv. = free land  Germans fleeing war came to colonies  By 1775, one-third of popul. is German

(cont.)  – 150,000 Scots-Irish to colonies  Jews sought religious tolerance  Between 10 and 12 million African slaves sent to America  2 million died at sea  Many other slaves went to Brazil, Spanish colonies  Also British, French, and Dutch colonies in Caribbean

(cont.)  1705 VA creates slave code  Slaves could not own property, testify against whites in court, move freely, assemble in large numbers  By 1775, 20% of population is African  Family, religion helps slaves maintain dignity  1739 Stono Rebellion – slaves rise up against white overseers, try to escape to Spanish FL

New Ideas  Enlightenment thinkers – natural laws apply to social, political, and economic relationships  People could figure out by using reason  This emphasis on logic & reason = rationalism  John Locke influential Enlightenment writer  Wrote on contract theory of gov’t, natural rights  He influences Founding Fathers

(cont.)  Rousseau believed gov’t formed by consent of people  Montesquieu suggested 3 types of gov’t power – executive, legislative, judicial  In colonies religious fervor known as Great Awakening takes place; peaks 1740

(cont.)  Enlightenment provided arguments against British rule  Great Awakening undermined allegiance to traditional authority