The Investigation of Perfectionism and Intrinsic/ Extrinsic Motivation for Vocational High Students Name: Julia St. ID: St. ID: Instructor: Kate Chen Instructor: Kate Chen

Content Introduction Literature Review Methodology

Introduction Background Perfectionism, one of the personal traits, has been linked to both maladaptive traits and negative outcomes in many studies. (Adderholdt &Goldberg, 1999; Burns, 1980; Greenspon, 2000; Pacht, 1984; Ramsey & Ramsey, 2002)

Introduction Background It is normal and innate ability to seek perfect, a kind of mental drive. This is due to a sense of inferiority for human being. Thus, people try to access to the self-achievement by engaging in achieving superiority. (Adler, 1956)

Introduction Statement of the problem - plenty of studies were explored in the United States - In Taiwan, most of researches that related to perfectionism were explored for kindergarten, junior high school, gifted kids and university students.

Introduction Statement of the problem - In Taiwan, most studies focus on the relationship between perfectionism and learning achievement/ depression/ mental health … and so on

Introduction Purpose of the study - to find out the actual phenomena whether perfectionism is related to intrinsic/ extrinsic motivation for vocational high school students in Taiwan - to probe whether extrinsic motivation can be switched to intrinsic motivation due to perfectionism

Introduction Research Questions 1. What is the relationship between perfectionism and intrinsic/ extrinsic motivation for vocational high school students? 2. To what extent that extrinsic motivation can be internalized into intrinsic motivation due to perfectionism?

Introduction Limitation - can not be inferred to all vocational high school students - without comprehensive consideration (participants ’ background, major)

Literature Review Perfectionism - Hamachek ’ s (1978) model of a continuum of “ normal ” to “ neurotic ” perfectionism normal   neurotic Drive a sense of pleasure from their efforts to achieve while remaining free to be less than perfect as the situation permits Self-oriented perfectionism can become “ neurotic ” when it interacts with stress or perceived failure, or when in combination with high socially prescribed perfectionism

Literature Review Perfectionism - Hewitt & Flett (1991) Three dimensions of perfectionism: (1) Self-oriented (for oneself) (2) Social-oriented (to please others) (3) Other-oriented (impose on others)

Literature Review Perfectionism Self- oriented Other- oriented Social- oriented

Literature Review Intrinsic motivation - Flett, Russo & Hewitt (1994) The adaptive facet may be due in part to intrinsic motivation. - Bandura (1989) The adaptive facet may contribute to persistence on tasks and a strong sense of self-efficacy

Literature Review Extrinsic motivation - Mills & Blankstein (1998) Self-oriented perfectionism is related to extrinsic motivation. be motivated by recognition of their academic work, be sensitive to other opinions of their work and ideas, to judge their success relative to other people

Methodology Participants - 8 classes from National Nantou Commercial High School - mean age: 16 years

Methodology Materials: - The Multidimensional perfectionism Scale (Hewitt & Flett, 1991) - The Work Preference Inventory – Student version (Amabile, 1987,1994)

Methodology Instruments: - SPSS 13 (Statistics Package for Social Science) - Descriptive analysis zero-order correlations Partial correlation analysis

Procedures Pilot study  Formal study (one semester English course)  Formal Questionnaire  Date Analysis

Thank for your attention!