Nile River World’s longest river, 4000 miles. Nile Valley is the fertile land on both sides of the Nile River Nile River flows from south to north.

Lower and Upper Egypt High land in the south is Upper Egypt Lower land in the North is Lower Egypt Both Lower Egypt and Upper Egypt have rich soil.

Black Land/Red Land Black Land refers to the rich deep black color of soil brought by annual flooding. Red Land refers to the dry barren land of the Sahara.

Farming the Nile Valley Farmers rented land from wealthy land owners. Farmers paid for the used of the land by giving the land owner part of their harvested crops. Farmers grew wheat and barely, raised cattle, goats, sheep, and pigs.

Farming the Nile Valley Farmers grew vegetables, onions, lettuce, and beans Egyptians used plant fibers to spin linen thread Sheep’s wool was spun and made into cloth.