PDN Enduring Understanding: American trade, American propaganda, Zimmermann telegram, and Germany's policy of unrestricted submarine warfare were the reasons America entered the war. Essential Questions: 1. What were the reasons the United States entered the war? 2. When was the armistice signed?

OBJECTIVES Describe how World War I became a total war Explain how U.S. entry into the war led to an Allied Victory

THE U.S. ENTERS THE WAR 1. Unrestricted Submarine Warfare Germany’s policy of attacking any ship that tried to get through its U-boat blockade of Great Britain Effective way to keep Britain low on supplies and other necessary items German U-boats sink The Lusitania, a British passenger liner, killing 1,200 people Made trade with any nation difficult

THE U.S. ENTERS THE WAR 2. Zimmerman Telegram Telegram sent from German Foreign Minister Arthur Zimmerman to Ambassador in Mexico City Intercepted by the British Promised Mexico that Germany would help recover land from the United States if they would join in war Mexico was a bigger threat to U.S. than Germany due to proximity

THE U.S. ENTERS THE WAR 3. American Propaganda Information designed to influence people’s opinions published by the government Portrayed Germans as bad, barbaric, dangerous, wicked, ape/gorilla, abuse of women, etc Caused Americans to become enraged at the Germans and ready to go to war

THE U.S. ENTERS THE WAR 4. American Trade Traded with Great Britain and France during war Britain’s blockade made the U.S. unable to trade with Germany U.S. wanted to continue trading with Britain, but refused to trade with British because it blockaded Germany – technically taking an act of war with Britain

The End of the Fighting April 1917  United States entered war Germany had to win before United States was able to fight

A New German Offensive Germany refocused efforts at Western Front –no longer fighting with Russia in east March 1918  Germany led major assault –made progress: gained around 40 miles

A New German Offensive June 1918  American soldiers helped in Europe & gave Allies hope –800,000 German soldiers died

German Collapse Second Battle of the Marne –Allies stopped Germans (had done so in 1914, as well) Allies used tanks & aircraft to gain ground –many Germans simply gave up –they knew Germany was defeated

German Collapse October 1918  Allied forces broke through heavily defended Hindenburg Line German leaders approached Allies for truce November 11, 1918  armistice agreed to –Veteran’s Day

Closure Enduring Understanding: American trade, American propaganda, Zimmermann telegram, and Germany's policy of unrestricted submarine warfare were the reasons America entered the war. Essential Questions: 1. What were the reasons the United States entered the war? 2. When was the armistice signed?

PDN Enduring Understanding: The war resulted in high human and economic costs and political changes while Allied leaders had different goals Essential Questions: 1. How many new nations were created as a result of the war? 2. What was Wilson’s plan for avoiding future wars?

OBJECTIVES List the effects of the war in terms of financial cost, high casualty rates, and political impact Describe the issues at the Paris Peace Conference and the impact of Wilson’s 14 Points

The Costs of War Human Costs -9 million soldiers died -21 million soldiers wounded -13 million civilians died -70 million people died from Spanish Flu Pandemic

The Costs of War Economic Costs -France, Belgium, & Russia -farmland & cities were destroyed -countries started importing from different sources or develop own products -American & Japanese economies prospered -$332 billion = total “cost of war”

The Costs of War Political Changes -communist revolution in Russia -monarchies in Austria-Hungary, Germany, & Ottoman Empire overthrown Unrest in Colonies -colonists expected democracies because the Allied Powers had fought a war to spread democratic ideals

The Costs of War Fifteen new nations/mandates formed before 1921 FinlandCzechoslovakia EstoniaAustria LatviaHungary LithuaniaYugoslavia East PrussiaSyria PolandIraq LebanonPalestine Transjordan

Differing Allied Goals America, Woodrow Wilson - Fourteen Points: President Wilson’s plan for organizing post-World War I Europe & for avoiding future wars - within Fourteen Points -reduction of weapons -right of all people to choose their own governments (democracies) -organization for world’s nations to join, to protect from future aggression

Differing Allied Goals France, Georges Clemenceau –punish Germany –make Germany pay for costs of war Great Britain, David Lloyd George –punish Germany –don’t weaken Germany wanted Germany to stop communism from spreading out of Russia

Differing Allied Goals Italy, Vittorio Orlando –wanted to gain territory -Italy was essentially ignored

Closure Enduring Understanding: The war resulted in high human and economic costs and political changes while Allied leaders had different goals Essential Questions: 1. How many new nations were created as a result of the war? 2. What was Wilson’s plan for avoiding future wars?

PDN Enduring Understanding: The Treaty of Versailles forced harsh punishments on Germany Essential Questions: 1.What was Germany forced to do as a result of the Treaty of Versailles? 2.What was the purpose of the League of Nations?

OBJECTIVES Summarize the terms and impact of the Treaty of Versailles Respond to the Treaty in a writing prompt

Treaty of Versailles Allies finally compromised on goals Treaty of Versailles was closer to Clemenceau’s goals than Wilson’s Germany had to accept the terms of the treaty

Treaty of Versailles Germany was forced to: - pay reparations: compensation in money, payable by a defeated country to another for loss suffered during war -take responsibility for conflict -return conquered land to France & Russia -give land for formation of new country of Poland -give colonies around world to various world powers -limit size of military

Treaty of Versailles June 28, 1919  signed by Germany Wilson did get one thing he asked for: –League of Nations: international body of nations formed after World War I to prevent future wars -Germany was excluded from the League -United States did not join League

Other Treaties treaties between Allied & Central Powers Austria-Hungary & Ottoman Empire were broken apart to form other countries –mandates: territories once part of the Ottoman Empire that the League of Nations gave to other European powers to rule after World War I

Other Treaties mandates –France controlled Syria & Lebanon –Great Britain controlled Palestine & Iraq Balfour Declaration –statement issued by the British foreign secretary in favor of establishing a Jewish homeland in Palestine -Transjordan from Palestine

Closure Enduring Understanding: The Treaty of Versailles forced harsh punishments on Germany Essential Questions: 1.What was Germany forced to do as a result of the Treaty of Versailles? 2.What was the purpose of the League of Nations?