Humans Try to Control Nature Chapter 1 section 2

Warm-Up Vocab ( Use glossary or pgs ) Surplus Division of Labor Traditional economy Artisan

Early Advances in Art and Technology Nomads- people who move from place to place Hunter-gathers- hunted animals and collected plant foods – Made spears – Digging sticks – Stone, bone, wood for tools

Beginnings of Agriculture Neolithic revolution-the discovery of agriculture – Shift from food gathering to food production Rising worldwide temperatures Rich supply of grain farming Steady source of food

Beginnings of Agriculture Slash-and-burn farming- cut down trees and burn them to clear fields – Ashes fertilize the fields – Plant crops for one or two years – Move to different field – Trees and grass grow repeat

Domestication of Animals Domestication- taming of animals – Horses, dogs, goats, pigs Use to drive animals off a ravine Jarmo- birthplace of agriculture – Zagros mountains “Iraq” – Wheat, barley, goats, pigs, sheep, horses

Villages Grow and Prosper Africa – Nile river – Grow wheat, barley China – Huang River – Millet, wild rice Mexico and Central America – Corn, beans squash

Catal Huyuk 8000 years ago 5,000 to 6,000 people 1000 dwellings Raised sheep and cattle Highly skilled workers Flood, fire, drought, disease could destroy a village

Civilization Case Study: Ur in Sumer Chapter 1 Section 3

Key Terms Civilization Specialization Artisan Institution Scribe Cuneiform Bronze Age Barter Ziggurat

Villages Grow into Cities Economic changes – Irrigation systems for more crops – Food surplus – Develop other skills – Wheel and sail invented – Trade developed

Division of Labor What do you think Division of Labor mean?

How Cities Develop Characteristics of Cities. 1-specialized workers 2-complex institutions 3-record keeping 4-advanced technology

Advanced Cities Birthplace of first civilizations Center of trade for larger area Depend on trade Produced goods for exchange

Villages Grow into Cities What makes a city a city – High Populations - Diverse populations – More formal organization( i.e. parts of the city and defined center) – Centers of trade.

Complex Institutions Institution-a long lasting pattern of organization in a community Organized government – Formed governments – Needed to establish laws – Collective organization Religion – Temples – Priests – City belonged to the gods – Served as economic center

Specialized Workers Specialization- development of skills in a specific kind of work Artisans- made good by hand (metal, tools, pottery) Helped cities to become center of trade

Social Class Ancient civilization developed social orders based on wealth and power. 1)Rulers & Priest 2)Merchants and artisans 3)Farmers and Unskilled workers 4)Enslaved people.

Record Keeping Document taxes Passage of law Storage of grain Keep track of calendars and rituals Systems of writing

Record Keeping Scribes-professional record keepers Cuneiform- meaning wedge shaped writing – Pictographs- symbols of writing – Used a sharpened reed – Baked tables in the sun – Beginning of written history (Sumer)

Cultural Diffusion Good or Bad Bad Good The spread of ideas, beliefs, customs, and technology from one culture to another.

Section Assessment Complete Section Assessment on page. 23. Do question 2 & 3. Turn in once you’re done.

Improved Technology Ox drawn plows Irrigation systems Pottery wheel – Jugs, plates, bowls 2500 BC metal workers – Melt tin and bronze – Made spearheads Bronze Age-using bronze instead of copper and stone

Civilization Emerges in Ur Ur- one of the earliest cities 30,000 residents Agricultural – Large scale irrigation – Food surpluses Life in the City – One story box homes – Merchants and artisans

Ur’s Thriving Trade Merchants on broad avenues Coins are not used Trade pots of grain for a jug of wine Barter-the trading of goods without using money

The Temple: center of City Life Ziggurat- pyramid shaped monument means “mountain of god” 100 steps to top Priests conduct rituals Sacrifice animals Storage of grain, woven fabrics, gems Believe in afterlife