Bones of the Skull The skull is made of many bones Suture joints separate bones in the skull

Sinuses in the Skull Hollow cavities in the skull Lighten the skull

Medical Condition - Sinusitis Inflammation of sinus tissue Caused by bacteria or allergy

Uh Oh…..better tell my TA I won’t be in lab this week!!!

Medical Condition - Cleft Palate Genetic defect affecting 1 in 1,000 babies Occurs when palatine bones do not fuse in roof of mouth

Sections of the Vertebral Column

Cervical Vertebrae The first 7 vertebrae Contain a foremen in the transverse process Transverse foramen allows passage of ______ artery

Fig The Atlas and Axis The 1 st and 2 nd cervical vertebrae Atlas ‘holds up the skull’ and allows “yes” movement of head Atlas has broad vertebral foramen Axis lets the atlas and head rotate in a “no” movement Axis has the dens/odontoid process

Thoracic Vertebrae The 12 vertebrae of the chest A rib attaches to each transverse process Have heart-shaped vertebral body Spinous process points downward

Lumbar Vertebrae The 5 lowest vertebrae Massive shape. Why? Kidney bean-shaped vertebral body Triangular-shaped vertebral foramen

How will I remember the number of vertebrae? 7 Cervical Vertebrae = 7:00 AM Breakfast 12 Thoracic Vertebrae = 12:00 Lunch 5 Lumbar Vertebrae = 5:00 PM Dinner/Supper

The Sacrum and Coccyx (tailbone) Coccyx Sacrum 5 fused vertebrae Blood vessels & Nerve Passage

Intervertebral Disks Pad of cartilage in-between vertebrae Facilitate spinal movement and prevent friction

Medical Condition - Herniated Disks Swollen intervertebral disk pinches nerve (e.g. sciatic nerve) One of the most common causes of back pain Commonly caused by old age, car accidents, or…. Normal Disk Herniated Disk

…..walking across countries.

Medical Condition - Scoliosis S-shaped curvature to spine Caused by disease or poor posture

1-7 True Ribs 8-12 False Ribs 11,12 Floating Ribs