PERIODIC TABLE

DMITRI MENDELEEV MENDELEEV ARRANGED THE ELEMENTS INTO ROWS IN ORDER OF INCREASING MASS SO THAT ELEMENTS WITH SIMILAR PROPERTIES WERE IN THE SAME COLUMN.

PERIODIC LAW THE MODERN PERIODIC TABLE, ELEMENTS ARE ARRANGED BY INCREASING ATOMIC NUMBER.

PERIODIC TABLE PERIOD – THE ROWS ON A PERIODIC TABLE ACROSS A PERIOD FROM LEFT TO RIGHT THE ELEMENTS BECOME LESS METALLIC AND MORE NONMETALLIC IN THEIR PROPERTIES. GROUPS – COLUMNS ON THE PERIODIC TABLE PROPERTIES OF ELEMENTS REPEAT IN A PREDICTABLE WAY WHEN ATOMIC NUMBERS ARE USED TO ARRANGE ELEMENTS INTO GROUPS Groups Period

CLASSIFICATIONS OF ELEMENTS METALS NONMETALS METALLOIDS

METALS GOOD CONDUCTORS OF HEAT AND ELECTRIC CURRENT EXCEPT FOR MERCURY METALS ARE SOLIDS AT ROOM TEMPERATURE MOST METALS ARE MALLEABLE

NON-METALS POOR CONDUCTORS OF HEAT AND ELECTRIC CURRENT MOST ARE GASSES AT ROOM TEMPERATURE – ALL GASSES ARE NONMETALS IF THEY ARE SOLID AT ROOM TEMPERATURE THEY TEND TO BE BRITTLE

METALLOIDS ELEMENTS WITH PROPERTIES THAT FALL IN BETWEEN METALS AND NON-METALS METALLOIDS ABILITY TO CONDUCT ELECTRIC CURRENT VARIES WITH TEMPERATURE EX. SILICON IS USED EXTENSIVELY IN COMPUTER CHIPS.

TREND IN METALLIC CHARACTERISTICS

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ATOMIC RADIUS

ALKALI METALS THE FIRST COLUMN ON THE PERIODIC TABLE HIGHLY REACTIVE! SO REACTIVE THAT ALKALI METALS ARE ONLY FOUND IN NATURE AS COMPOUNDS

REACTIVITY REACTIVITY IS THE TENDENCY OF A SUBSTANCE TO UNDERGO CHEMICAL REACTION, EITHER BY ITSELF OR WITH OTHER MATERIALS, AND TO RELEASE ENERGY.

STOP! COLOR TIME! Using any color you want, color the column of elements from Lithium down to Francium.

ALKALINE EARTH METALS DIFFERENCES IN REACTIVITY AMONG THE ALKALINE EARTH METALS ARE SHOWN BY THE WAYS THEY REACT WITH WATER.

STOP! COLOR TIME! Using a color that is different than what you used for the Alkali Metals color the Alkaline Earth metals from Beryllium to Radium.

HALOGENS THE HALOGENS ARE FIVE NON-METALLIC ELEMENTS FOUND IN GROUP 17 OF THE PERIODIC TABLE. THE TERM "HALOGEN" MEANS "SALT-FORMER" AND COMPOUNDS CONTAINING HALOGENS ARE CALLED "SALTS". SOLID- IODINE, ASTATINE LIQUID- BROMINE GAS- FLUORINE, CHLORINE

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NOBLE GASES COLORLESS ODORLESS UNREACTIVE WHEN ELECTRICITY PASSES THROUGH THE GASES THEY CAN GLOW. ALL NOBLE GASES EXCEPT FOR RADON ARE USED IN “NEON” SIGNS.

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LANTHANIDES SOMETIMES CALLED LANTHANIDES, RARE-EARTH METALS, OR INNER- TRANSITION ELEMENTS. CAN BE FOUND NATURALLY ON EARTH. ONLY ONE ELEMENT IN THE SERIES IS RADIOACTIVE. FOUND IN SUPERCONDUCTORS, GLASS PRODUCTION, AND LASERS.

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ACTINIDES ALL RADIOACTIVE AND SOME ARE NOT FOUND IN NATURE. THIS IS WHERE MOST OF THE NEW ELEMENTS WERE CREATED. NOT ALL ARE USED FOR NUCLEAR WEAPONS. AMERICIUM IS USED IN METAL DETECTORS.

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TRANSITION METALS THE 38 ELEMENTS IN GROUPS 3 THROUGH 12 OF THE PERIODIC TABLE ARE CALLED "TRANSITION METALS". THE TRANSITION ELEMENTS ARE BOTH DUCTILE AND MALLEABLE, AND CONDUCT ELECTRICITY AND HEAT. TRANSITION METALS VALENCE ELECTRONS, OR THE ELECTRONS THEY USE TO COMBINE WITH OTHER ELEMENTS, ARE PRESENT IN MORE THAN ONE SHELL. THIS IS THE REASON WHY THEY OFTEN EXHIBIT SEVERAL COMMON OXIDATION STATES. THERE ARE THREE NOTEWORTHY ELEMENTS IN THE TRANSITION METALS FAMILY. THESE ELEMENTS ARE IRON, COBALT, AND NICKEL, AND THEY ARE THE ONLY ELEMENTS KNOWN TO PRODUCE A MAGNETIC FIELD.

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