Athens, Greece Singapore

HOLD ON THIS IS A BIG ONE!!! URBANIZATION…

Centers of business & culture. Centers of business & culture. Birthplace of innovation Birthplace of innovation Catalysts of social change. Catalysts of social change.

Characteristic of the city or city life. Characteristic of “the country” or country life.

Urban or rural?

Catalhoyuk The oldest known city was founded in approximately 7,500 B.C. in what is now Turkey

Catalhoyuk Explain the design of this city.

What are some reasons for building a city in a particular location? Hampton, Virginia

Two reasons for locating a city in a particular location? The physical characteristics of the location. The location of a city relative to resources, transportation routes, etc.

The physical characteristics of the location. Athens, Greece Hilltop site

The physical characteristics of the location. Jerusalem, Israel Hilltop site

The physical characteristics of the location. Alexandria, Egypt Harbor site

The physical characteristics of the location. Paris Island site

The physical characteristics of the location. Hong Kong Island site

The physical characteristics of the location. New York City Harbor & island site

The physical characteristics of the location. Confluence site: Where two rivers come together. Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania Monagahela River Allegheny River Ohio River

The physical characteristics of the location. Ottawa and Quebec City, Canada Site where river narrows.

The physical characteristics of the location. London, England Site where river narrows.

The physical characteristics of the location. Fall line site Richmond, Virginia

The physical characteristics of the location. Fall line site Richmond, Virginia Boats cannot navigate further upstream than the James River falls, so a settlement was made at that location in the early 1600s.

The physical characteristics of the location. Damascus, Syria Oasis site.

The location of a city relative to other geographic features (resources, transportation routes) Istanbul, Turkey Command of waterway.

The location of a city relative to other geographic features (resources, transportation routes) Cities that grew up along trade routes.

The location of a city relative to other geographic features (resources, transportation routes) Cities that grew up along trade routes. Samarkand, Uzbekistan The Silk Road

The location of a city relative to other geographic features (resources, transportation routes) Cities that grew up along trade routes. Cape Town, South Africa

coal + iron = steel Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania The location of a city relative to other geographic features (resources, transportation routes)

Site Harbor: NYC, Alexandria, Istanbul Island: Paris (Seine River), Hong Kong, Singapore, NYC Fall line: Richmond Confluence: Khartoum, Pittsburgh Hilltop: Athens, Rome, Jerusalem Oasis: Damascus, Syria; Siwa, Egypt Where river narrows: London, Quebec City, Ottowa

Situation Baghdad – Command of land between the Tigris and Euphrates Rivers Istanbul – Command of straits and land bridge to Europe Mecca, Saudi Arabia and Varanasi, India (Benares) – focal point of a pilgrimage Cape Town, South Africa – Supply station for ships

Mecca – focal point of pilgrimage

Varanasi, India – Hindu Pilgrimage

Situation – TRADE ROUTES Samarkand, Uzbekistan – Silk Road Xi’an, China – Silk Road Timbuktu, Mali – Trans-Saharan Trade Singapore – Maritime Trade

Railroads Transcontinental Railroad: Omaha, Nebraska; Sacramento, California Novosibirsk and Vladivostok – Trans- Siberian Railroad

SITUATION>>>

The rise in the number of cities and the change in lifestyle that results.

In 1950 there were two cities in the world – Tokyo, Japan and New York City – with populations greater than ten million. In 2015 there will be twenty-two cities with that size population.

Examples of cities’ change and function over time

Brazil’s Capital Moves

Cities Evolve Pittsburgh, PA Early function connected to defense, then became steel manufacturing center, later shifted to diverse services. New York City, NY As trade patterns changed NYC changed Location was benefited by transatlantic/coastal trade and trade from the Great Lakes region after the Erie Canal Today is a worldwide trade and finance center

Mining Towns – Ghost Towns

Ancient Athens

Athens Today

Urbanization throughout the World Cities in much of the developing world are a place for jobs, education, clean water, and health care; therefore, the rich often live in cities.

Nairobi – modern city core

Developed? Photo by Beverly Miller

Shantytowns – test question Shantytowns (Squatter settlements) are a negative result of increased urbanization. Housing and employment are unable to keep up with the dramatic increase in urban population.

Urbanization in the developed world. Cities cause pollution. They often have poverty stricken areas. Crime levels are higher. Much of our poor live in cities.

The basic facilities, services, and machinery needed for a community to function. Examples: roads, bridges, rail lines, water and sewer systems, power lines, telecommunications system.

Functions of Cities Retail (stores) Entertainment (music, drama, sports) Government Services Libraries, Museums, Universities Transportation (airports, train stations) Recreation Residential

Problem/Challenge #1: Transportation congestion. As automobile traffic increases urban roadways become very congested. Examples: Washington D.C., Atlanta, Georgia.

Problem/Challenge #2: Segregation by wealth Rich and poor neighborhoods exist in different areas isolated from one another. Examples: Mumbai, India and Nairobi, Kenya

Problem/Challenge #3: Providing services With more people and buildings, essential services such as fresh water, sewage, garbage disposal, schools and clinics becomes a problem. Examples: Lima, Peru An emergency room in Lima, Peru.

Problem/Challenge #3: Providing services With more people and buildings, essential services such as fresh water, sewage, garbage disposal, schools and clinics becomes a problem. Examples: Lima, Peru

Problem/Challenge #3: Providing services With more people and buildings, essential services such as fresh water, sewage, garbage disposal, schools and clinics becomes a problem. Examples: Lima, Peru

Problem/Challenge #4: Pollution Air, water and noise pollution increase. Examples: Los Angeles, Mexico City

Problem/Challenge #5: Slums & Squatter settlements Rapid immigration results in large “shantytowns” on the edges of cities in Latin America, Africa and Asia. Examples: Sao Paulo, Brazil and Mumbai, India.

Problem/Challenge #5: Slums & Squatter settlements Rapid immigration results in large “shantytowns” on the edges of cities in Latin America, Africa and Asia. Examples: Sao Paulo, Brazil and Mumbai, India.

Problem/Challenge #6: Urban sprawl Sprawl results in conversion of agricultural land to urban uses especially in North America. Examples: Northern Virginia, Chicago

Problem/Challenge #6: Urban sprawl Sprawl results in conversion of agricultural land to urban uses especially in North America. Examples: Northern Virginia, Chicago

“Supersprawl” in Mexico City, one of the world’s “megacities.”

“They paved paradise and put up a parking lot.”

Problem/Challenge #7: Global connections vs. local connections In developing countries, major cities are more connected to regions outside the country than within. Examples: Dubai, United Arab Emirates

City: Dubai Country: United Arab Emirates

Problem/Challenge #7: Global connections vs. local connections In developing countries, major cities are more connected to regions outside the country than within. Examples: Dubai

Problem/Challenge #7: Global connections vs. local connections In developing countries, major cities are more connected to regions outside the country than within. Examples: Dubai

Problem/Challenge #7: Global connections vs. local connections In developing countries, major cities are more connected to regions outside the country than within. Examples: Dubai

Problem/Challenge #7: Global connections vs. local connections In developing countries, major cities are more connected to regions outside the country than within. Examples: Dubai

Problem/Challenge #7: Global connections vs. local connections In developing countries, major cities are more connected to regions outside the country than within. Examples: Dubai

Urbanization of Dubai =jmsf0S6WW38

URBAN PROBLEMS Transportation congestion Segregation by wealth Providing services Pollution Slums & squatter settlements Urban sprawl Local vs. global connections

URBAN PROBLEMS Transportation congestion Segregation by wealth Providing services Pollution Slums & squatter settlements Urban sprawl Local vs. global connections

URBAN PROBLEMS Transportation congestion Segregation by wealth Providing services Pollution Slums & squatter settlements Urban sprawl Local vs. global connections

URBAN PROBLEMS Transportation congestion Segregation by wealth Providing services Pollution Slums & shantytowns Urban sprawl Local vs. global connections

URBAN PROBLEMS Transportation congestion Segregation by wealth Providing services Pollution Slums & squatter settlements Urban sprawl Local vs. global connections

URBAN PROBLEMS Transportation congestion Segregation by wealth Providing services Pollution Slums & shantytowns Urban sprawl Local vs. global connections

URBAN PROBLEMS Transportation congestion Segregation by wealth Providing services Pollution Slums & squatter settlements Urban sprawl Local vs. global connections

What good are cities? Centers of business & culture. Birthplaces of innovation and social change.

Define: urbanization The rise in the number of cities and the changes in lifestyle that result.

Define: urban sprawl The conversion of agricultural land for urban uses. (The growth of a city.)

Which problems of urbanization can be found in North America? Urban sprawl Traffic congestion

On which continents are you least likely to find cities with slums and squatter settlements? Europe and North America

Explain what “segregation by wealth” is. The segregation of poor and wealthy people in different sections of a city.

What fast-growing city has a focus on global connections rather than local connections? Dubai, UAE

Explain the site of Hampton, Virginia, New York City and Alexandria, Egypt Harbor sites

Explain the location of Athens, Greece and Jerusalem, Israel Hilltop sites

Explain the location of Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania Confluence site (two rivers coming together). Location near resources (iron & coal).

Explain the location of Richmond, Virginia Fall line site

YOU ARE NOW READY FOR THE URBAN GEOGRAPHY QUIZ!

Site and Situation? Why are cities located where they are? Water? Topography? Trade Routes? Strategic Importance? Transportation?

Ancient cities were built on hilltops – Athens & Rome

Site location was good for defense (SECURITY)

Carcassonne, France - SECURITY

Modern Cities are usually located near water. Cities depend on water as a drinking resource, transportation routes for shipping, travel, and climate.

Harbor Sites New York City Alexandria, Egypt Istanbul, Turkey (also command of straits) Are all harbor sites

London – Where the Thames River Narrows

Paris – Island on the Seine River

Confluence

Pittsburgh - Confluence

Fall line of a river - Richmond

Cape Town, South Africa Was a supply station for European (Portuguese) travelers on their way to Asia.

Oasis – Damascus, Syria

Mecca – focal point of pilgrimage

Varanasi, India – Hindu Pilgrimage

The End…

Possible Problems and Challenges Traffic congestion on Staunton streets and roads. Poor hillbillies could end up segregated in certain parts of town. Those neighborhoods could become run down. Crime could increase in certain areas of the city due to segregation by wealth. Lewis Creek could become polluted as people bath in, wash things in, and dump waste in the water. Temporary homes could be built quickly without water/sewer hookups, increasing the likelihood of the hillbillies living in unsanitary conditions. City garbage collectors might not be able to keep up with trash removal.

Possible Problems and Challenges The Staunton police might be overwhelmed with trying to enforce laws in a city with 20,000 more people. The fire department might not be able to respond to all emergencies. The hospital and other medical facilities might not be able to provide care for all people who need it. A hillbilly “shantytown” could result if the people camped in Gypsy Hill Park cannot find permanent homes. As the hillbillies are able to buy permanent homes, new housing developments could take productive agricultural lands. More stores would probably be needed and open spaces/farmland could be lost to shopping centers.