The Mongols After Chinggis Khan PowerPoint By: Ally Carswell, Tiffany Moore, Jose Serrano, and Mikey Stroup

Chinggis Khan Chinggis Khan Genghis Khan was the founder and Great Khanor the emperor of the Mongol Empire. The Mongol Empire became the largest contiguous empire in history. Chinggis Khan came to power by uniting many of the nomadic tribes of northeast Asia. After founding the Mongol Empire and being proclaimed "Genghis Khan," he started the Mongol invasions that resulted in the conquest of most of Eurasia. By the end of his life, the Mongol Empire occupied a substantial portion of Central Asia and China. Before Genghis Khan died, he assigned Ogedei Khan as his successor and split his empire into khanates or divisions of land among his sons and grandsons. He died in 1227 after defeating the Western Xia. He was buried in an unmarked grave in Mongolia at an unknown location.

Mongol Empire Under Chinggis Khan Mongol Empire After Chinggis Khan

Gender Roles And Relations Family and Kinship Racial and Ethnic Constructions Social and Economic Classes Social

Men had all rights and power within the governement Women were aloof in Chinese History Women did not adopt footbinding Women retained their rights to property and control within the household as well as freedom to move about the town and countryside Neo- confusianism gained ground and women of mongol ruling saw their freedom and power reduced The traditional Mongol family was patriarchal Wives were brought in for each son to marry Land was given out: The eldest male received the most and the youngest male received the least

The Mongolian empire was made up of hundreds of different ethnicities, but the main races that made up the Mongolian empire were Chinese, Russian, and Mongolian.

At the top of the economic and social classes were the khans. Following the khans were the Mongols, forming a privileged, military caste of a few hundred thousand, and were even exempt from taxation. Muslims were next in line in the social class. Foreigners followed and were considered more important than Chinese civil servants, and were given jobs of importance. Chinese peasantry and civil servants came after and worked on the great estates. The status of artisans and merchants was raised after the reign of Chinggis Khan. In addition, influential Mongol women emerged after the death of Chinggis Khan. One example of an influential Mongol women would be Chabi.

Political Political Structures and Forms of Governance Empires Nations and Nationalism Revolts and Revolutions Regional, Trans- Regional, Global Structures, and Organizations

- Ogede Khan was named successor and spilt the Mongolian Empire into Khanates - The Yassa, a law code created by Chinggis Khan, helped govern the people - Chinggis Khan’s decendents extended the Mongol Empire across most of Euraisa by creating vassal states out of Modern day China, Korea, Central Asia, and large portions out of modern day eastern Europe. -Fights between Chinggis Khan’s sons created difficult leadership transitions.

-Brought the silk road under one cohesive political environment, increasing communication, and trade between cultures - Had a substantial navy which aided in their conquests The Mongolian Empire was spilt into four khanates. 1. Khanate of the Golden Horde 2. Khanate of the Great Khan 3. Chagatai Khanate 4. Ilkhanate or the Khanate of Persia

Interactions Demography and Disease Migration Patterns of Settlement Technology

Military conquests exposed both the soldiers and those being conquered to new diseases Mongols played a key role in transmitting the fleas that contained the Bubonic Plague. The khanates contained a variety of ethnicities and cultures. Migration spread in all directions within the four khanates. The destination that was migrated to depended on where one’s family was, and many other factors. Conquests moved them into China, Tibet Persia, much of Asia Minor, and southern Russia.

Settled in areas they conquered, but moved quickly toward their next conquest. Used technological advances from other cultures, such as gunpowder, and the seige engine, to aid in their conquests Europeans gained new knowledge of Chinese products and technologies to use in their own homes

Cultural/Intellectual Religions Belief Systems, Philosophies, and Ideologies Science and Technology The Arts and Architecture

Originally shamanism, but eventually adapted confucianism and daoism Exposed to Christianity, and Islam Religiously tolerant and interested in learning philosophical and moral lessons from other religions. Learned from all groups that they had conquered on what the best weapons available at that time were, such as gunpowder and siege engines. They experimented and adapted to technological innovations, such as the stirrup, and various harnesses.

There were many different types of art and architecture that came together from the areas being conquered and had already been conquered. Traditional Chinese art such as poetry and essay writing decreased under the Mongol rule, in comparison to other eras. Musical dramas, however, flourished. The most famous Chinese dramatic work, The Romance of the West Chamber, was written during this time. Actors and actresses achieved celebrity and social esteem.

Economic Achievements Agricultural and Pastoral Production Trade and Commerce Labor Systems Industrialization Capitalism and Socialism

Severe weather limited agricultural development Growing season lasted approximately 100 days a year. Invented stirrups and a variety of harnesses that could be used for farming Conquests facilitated trade- food, tools, and new ideas Revived routes brought great wealth to traders who set up outposts in the eastern Mediterranean, the Black Sea coast, and as far as the Caspian Sea Relied on rural herdsmen Relied on Chinese civil servants and peasants

Effectively used gunpowder for war Industrialization in other societies lead to the decline of the Mongols Opened china to influences from Arab and Persian land, and Europe Mongol decline made land based travel dangerous which turned attention to sea routes