English 1 for Management (1EA) Dea Adlina

PAST AND PRESENT Review Tenses

Present

Subject + V1 Subject + Auxiliary Verb + V-ing

Present Subject + have + V3 (Past Participle Form) Subject + have been + V-ing

Present ending with –s or –es A final –s or –es is added to a noun to make a noun plural. – Noun + -S : Friends are important. – Noun + -ES : I like my classes. A final –s or –es is added to a simple present verb when the subject is a singular noun or third person singular pronoun. – John(He) works (singular) – They work(plural)

Present ending with –s or –es Final –es is added to words that end in -sh, -ch, -s, - z, and –x Box  boxes Watch  watches For the words that ended in –y: – If –y is preceded by a vowel, only –s is added. Toy  toys – If –y is preceded by a consonant, the –y is changed into –i and –es is added. Cry  cries

Past

Subject + V2 Subject + was/were + V-ing

Past Subject + had + V3 (Past Participle Form) Subject + had been + V-ing

POSSESSIVES Possessive nouns, pronouns and adjectives

Possesive noun Possessive nouns require apostrophes. Singular nounPossessive form The girlThe girl’s BrookBrook’s A ladyA lady’s ThomasThomas’s / Thomas' Plural nounPossessive form The girlsThe girls’ The childrenThe children’s The ladiesThe ladies’ The menThe men’s Thomas‘ book is on the table. The men’s books are on the table.

Possesive pronoun and adjectives Possessive pronouns Mine your Hers, his ours yours theirs Possessive adjectives My Your Her, his, its Our Your their Possessive pronouns are NOT followed immediately by a noun. They stand alone. Example: That shirt is mine. Those are yours over there. Possessive pronouns do NOT require apostrophes. Possessive adjectives are followed immediately by a noun. They do NOT stand alone. Example: My shirt is here. Your shirt is over there. Possessive pronouns do NOT require apostrophes.

DEGREES OF COMPARISON comparative, and superlative

comparative Comparative is the name for the grammar used when comparing two things. The two basic ways to compare are using as.. as or than. – He's not as stupid as he looks! – This book is not as exciting as the last one. – It's much colder today than it was yesterday. – Our car is bigger than your car.

comparative When comparing with than, some changes on adjectives are necessary 1-syllable adjectives: add -er to the adjective – My sister is much taller than me. 2-syllable adjectives ending in -y: change the -y to -ier – She's looking happier today. Other 2 syllable adjectives and adjectives with 3 or more syllables use more with the unchanged adjective – The shops are always more crowded just before Christmas. – French grammar is more difficult than English grammar.

Superlative 1-syllable adjectives: add -est to the adjective (plus the) – My sister is the tallest in our family. 2-syllable adjectives ending in -y: change the -y to -iest (plus the) – Which do you think is the easiest language to learn? Other 2 syllable adjectives and adjectives with 3 or more syllables use the most with the unchanged adjective – The most boring thing about English class is doing grammar exercises. – You are the most irritating person I have ever met!

Comparative and superlative adverbs: 1-syllable adverbs: add -er/-est – I can run faster than you. – I can run the fastest in my class. – She works harder than me. – She works the hardest of all students. Other adverbs: use more / the most – She ran more quickly than me. – Of all the students she ran the most quickly. Informal: – She ran quicker than me. – She ran the quickest.