Native American Resistance/War of 1812

War in the Old Northwest American Revolution had broken power of the Iroquois nations Other Native American tribes came together to fight American expansion. Assisted by British in Canada. Battle of Fallen Timbers: American victory over Native Americans Treaty of Greenville

Native American Reactions Ways to deal with American expansion Accept white culture Blend Indian & White Cultures Return to Indian Traditions Take military action

Accepting White Culture Little Turtle Made peace with white settlers and lived on annual payments from government Adopted some customs from the settlers

Blending Indian & White Cultures Forced to live on reservation after American revolution Held on to traditional Indian rituals but adopted American customs about land, agriculture, and family life

Returning to Indian Traditions Called for return of traditional Native American values & total rejection of American/European values. Strongly opposed assimilation

Taking Military Action Tecumseh Rallied opposition to Treaty of Fort Wayne Battle of Tippecanoe

War of 1812 Americans believed Native Americans were being encouraged and armed by British

War Breaks Out Madison wants Congress to declare war against the British Encouraged Indian attacks Interfered with U.S. shipping U.S. had small army & navy & no offers of help from foreign nations

The Land War Americans invade British-held Canada – beaten by British William Henry Harrison: Battle of Thames Andrew Jackson: Horseshoe Bend, Alabama Treaty of Fort Jackson: Creeks give 23 million acres of land

The Naval War British outnumbered American ships 20:1 Won some victories British blockade American coast

The Burning of Washington, D.C. British ends war with Napoleon in Europe Fleet of British ships arrived in Chesapeake Bay Marched to Washington and set fire to capital James Madison & wife fled

Star-Spangled Banner March from Washington to Baltimore Francis Scott Key Witnessed bombardment of Fort McHenry

The Hartford Convention New Englanders consider leaving America Called for constitutional amendments to increase political power of New England

Treaty of Ghent Did not resolve issues the United States declared war Old boundaries b/t British & America were restored “Second War of Independence” Officially ends war

Battle of New Orleans News of treaty did not reach U.S. until mid-Feb British try and take New Orleans from south General Andrew Jackson Greatest victory of United States during war

Postwar Boom & Panic James Monroe: 5 th president of U.S. First bank of U.S. disbanded Americans moving westward 1819: 1 st depression (Panic of 1819)

Missouri Compromise Congress debating admission of state of Missouri to U.S. Missouri Compromise: Slavery would not be restricted in Missouri Maine would be carved out of N. Massachusetts as free state Territories north of 36o 30’ N latitude would be closed to slavery