US History Native American Nations Learning Objective 5.1

Meet Oski from UC Berkeley! Oski is an EXPLORER He has a sophisticated time machine He is going to go back in time and see how our country was formed We will watch him in his travels and adventures

Before there was a United States of America, this land was inhabited by different nations

Oski will discover how these different native nations lived Explorer Objectives – See how Geography and Climate influenced the way various nations lived What kind of structures did they build? How did they get food? What kind of tools and utensils did they make? – Determine what makes one nation different than another?

Oski will explore four major regions Cliff Dwellers / Pueblo people of the desert Southwest American Indians of the Pacific Northwest Nomadic nations of the Great Plains Woodland peoples east of the Mississippi River Can you infer how a people may live differently in the desert than on the Great Plains? What would people eat who live in near the ocean rather than the Woods?

The Cliff Dwellers and Pueblo People of the Southwest Desert The Land was hot Water was available in near rivers Rain would help grow crops There were many small animals

Some tribal names were: – Apache – Navaho – Hopi – Pima – Mimbres – Mohave Have you heard of these names before?

Adobe bricks were used to make Pueblos in the desert

Cliff Dwellings protected people from harsh weather

These people farmed corn and hunted

These people created high quality baskets and jugs to process their food Many tribes were also well known for their artistry with baskets and Kachina dolls. They were masters of irrigation in farming and created wool blankets.

Oski Asks, “What did we learn?” How did the cliff dwellers and pueblo people Build Structures? Obtain Food? Create Tools?

The Pacific Northwest Mountains near the Ocean Abundance of trees and wood Frequent Rains Many fresh water rivers

Some tribal names were: – Chinook – Tillamook – Tlingit – Yaquina – Makah Have you heard of these names before?

Wood was used to make Plank Houses Trees were abundant and were a good use for building and creating art.

Based on the Artwork below, What can you Infer about life in the Northwest?

The Northwest Tribes were Great Fishermen

These tribes made canoes and fishing tools

Oski Asks, “What did we learn?” How did the Pacific Northwest Tribes: Build Structures? Obtain Food? Create Tools?

Nomadic Nations of the Great Plains Land is mostly flat “Plains” Wild herds of Buffalo would Roam from place to place

Some tribal names were: – Comanche – Cheyenne – Sioux – Missouri – Wichita – Crow – Blackfoot Have you heard of these names before?

A major food source was from buffalo The buffalo would not stay in one place. The herd would move to find new grass to eat. These tribes were great horsemen as well. How did this affect the type of shelter these tribes used?

The Great Plains Nations needed to live in Teepees that could be moved

The Great Plains Tribes had tools to help them hunt and process food and fur. Skinning tool to make fur Blankets.

Oski Asks, “What did we learn?” How did the Great Plains Nations: Build Structures? Obtain Food? Create Tools?

The Woodland Tribes of the East The woodlands can be dense with plenty of hiding places There was plenty of game Wood and natural materials were abundant Many fresh water rivers

Some tribal names were: – Delaware – Mohawk – Illinois – Winnebago – Massachuset – Seminols Have you heard of these names before?

Woodland tribes created longhouses and wigwams to live in

Woodland Tribes hunted “Game” and cultivated corn Woodland tribes mastered hunting by poaching taking advantage of “cover” that the land provided.

The Woodland tribes created pottery for cooking as well as hunting gear

Oski Asks, “What did we learn?” How did the Woodland Tribes: Build Structures? Obtain Food? Create Tools?

Let’s summarize Oski wants to know: How were all of these different tribal nations similar? How were they different? Did we know that many tribal nations existed before today? Let us see how we can compare and contrast what we have learned.

How did each region of Native Americans gather food? Southwest Pueblo and Cliffdwelling Nations Pacific Northwest Nations Great Plains Nations East Woodland Nations Mastered farming and irrigation to raise corn Hunted Mastered fishing hunted Mastered hunting buffalo on horseback Gathered wild vegetation Mastered hunting game by poaching Farmed corn

How did each region of Native Americans build structures to live in? Southwest Pueblo and Cliffdwelling Nations Pacific Northwest Nations Great Plains Nations East Woodland Nations Baked adobe brick shelters to provide cool relief from the hot desert sun Also used cliffs for shelter Used plentiful wood to make plank houses Needed to have mobile housing to follow the herd of buffalo, and created teepees Used wood and natural materials to create wigwams and longhouses

What tools did each region of Native Americans create and use? Southwest Pueblo and Cliffdwelling Nations Pacific Northwest Nations Great Plains Nations East Woodland Nations Were masters of irrigation and farming They were great basket, rug and jug makers Were great at making fishing gear and processing tools Were great hunters and had weapons They also had tools for processing furs Created hunting tools and pottery for cooking