The 1960s: A Decade of Change

(Don’t Write) Introduction : The 60s were a time of great changes in: Politics Politics Civil rights for women & minorities Civil rights for women & minorities Science and technology Science and technology Social and cultural styles Social and cultural styles

Video Yearbook Collection: 1960 Overview of 1960 (01:03)

Video Yearbook Collection: Almanac (00:54)

I. Politics A Dwight D. Eisenhower- President ; John F. President ; John F. Kennedy narrowly (by Kennedy narrowly (by less than 1% of popular less than 1% of popular vote) defeats Richard M. vote) defeats Richard M. Nixon (VP) in November Nixon (VP) in November presidential election presidential election

2. John Fitzgerald Kennedy a. 35 th president of US b. aka: JFK and Jack c. The youngest man (43) elected and the first Roman Catholic elected president

Days That Shook the World: 1955–1986 Jan. 20, 1961

d. Almost killed in WWII e. Married to Jacqueline Bouvier Kennedy (Jackie)

f. 4 children: Caroline; John, Jr. (died in a plane crash in 1999); Patrick (died 2 days after birth in Aug. 1963); & stillborn daughter Arabella (died 1956) Caroline, Jackie, & John, funeral for JFK.

Caroline John, Jr. & wife shortly before plane crash.

g. 3 brothers: i Joe, Jr. – killed in WWII ii Robert (Bobby) - Senator; starts to run for president, but Senator; starts to run for president, but assassinated by assassinated by Sirhan Sirhan before Sirhan Sirhan before election election

Joe, Jr.; killed when his plane exploded shortly after take-off in WWII. Bobby Kennedy; assassinated by Sirhan Sirhan on June 6, 1968.

iii Edward “Teddy” –served in Congress as Mass. Senator until death (brain cancer) 8/25/09

Video Yearbook Collection: 1961 Overview of 1961 (01:24)

Video Yearbook Collection: Almanac (00:56)

1. JFK forms the Peace Corps of Young Americans in which volunteers work to improve living standards in Africa, Asia, and Latin America B. 1961

Video Yearbook Collection: 1961 Peace Corps; Kennedy Launches Plan for U.S. Youth (01:23)

2. Bay of Pigs Invasion a. Fidel Castro is the communist dictator of Cuba, just 90 miles from Florida; Cuba becomes allies with the Soviet Union Oh, I don’t think so, Fidel!

b. The US feared the spread of communism, so JFK approved an invasion of Cuba at the Bay of Pigs c. April 17, 1961 – 1,400 anti-Castro invaders were easily defeated by Castro’s forces Oops, my bad! You see, what had happened was…

Fidel Castro I told you not to bring that weak game to my court!

d. The mission failed because of faulty CIA information and because promised US air support never arrived Da plane? Where’s da plane??

Resolving Kennedy's Legacy Invading Cuba: the Bay of Pigs (04:26)

Video Yearbook Collection: 1962 Overview of 1962 (01:11)

Video Yearbook Collection: Almanac (00:58)

C Cuban Missile Crisis- October a. A spy plane over Cuba takes photos of Soviet nuclear missile bases; launches from there could easily hit US

b. October 22- JFK goes on TV and tells US what’s going on c. JFK ordered US Navy to surround Cuba and dared Soviet premier, Nikita Khrushchev, to run the blockade

d. October 25- Soviet ships neared Cuba, but halted at sea, as they didn’t want a nuclear war Who has the weak game now?

e. October 28- Crisis is over i. Soviets agree to i. Soviets agree to withdraw their missiles withdraw their missiles & dismantle the & dismantle the launch sites launch sites ii. US agrees to not invade ii. US agrees to not invade Cuba and to remove Cuba and to remove nuclear weapons from nuclear weapons from Turkey Turkey

Days That Shook the World: 1955–1986 October 28, 1962 (2:54)

Video Yearbook Collection: 1963 Overveiw of 1963 (01:21)

Video Yearbook Collection: Almanac (00:58)

D Congress votes to guarantee women equal pay for equal work Oh, yeah! Show me the MONEY!!

2. Supreme Court rules that defendants must be provided an attorney if they can’t afford one 3. Supreme Court rules that prayer in public school is unconstitutional Moment of silence, children, moment of silence- no praying here!!

4. 11/22/63 - JFK is assassinated in Dallas, TX while riding in an open car with his wife

a. Allegedly shot by Lee Harvey Oswald Harvey Oswald

b. Less than 48 hrs. later, Oswald is shot & killed by Jack Ruby inside a Dallas police station

Days That Shook the World: 1955–1986 Nov. 22, 1963 (3:20)

c. Vice President Lyndon B. Johnson becomes president Johnson immediately following JFK’s death.

Gravesite of JFK, Jackie, Patrick, and a stillborn daughter; John, Jr.’s ashes were spread at sea.

Video Yearbook Collection: 1964 Overview of 1964 (01:18)

Video Yearbook Collection: Almanac (00:54)

E Pres. Johnson is re- elected 2. The Medicare Act is signed and provides health insurance to people 65+

3. Civil Rights Bill is passed a. It was filibustered (long speech to obstruct a bill from becoming a law) for 75 days by Southern senators before being passed b. Calls for an end to discrimination

Video Yearbook Collection: 1964 Civil Rights; President Signs Historic Bill (02:59)

Video Yearbook Collection: 1965 Overview of 1965 (01:00)

Video Yearbook Collection: Almanac (00:54)

F Voting Rights Act is passed that outlaws literacy tests used to keep African Americans from registering to vote

Video Yearbook Collection: 1966 Overview of 1966 (01:10)

Video Yearbook Collection: Almanac (00:53)

G Supreme Court issues the Miranda Rights which protects the rights of suspects

Our Federal Government: The Supreme Court Miranda vs. Arizona (01:30)

Video Yearbook Collection: 1967 Overview of 1967 (01:11)

Video Yearbook Collection: Almanac (00:53)

H Thurgood Marshall becomes the first black Supreme Court justice

2. The 25 th Amendment is passed establishing a chain of command for who shall take over as president/vice president in the event of death, etc. Ben's Guide (6-8): The Order of Succession Ben's Guide (6-8): The Order of Succession

I Senator Robert F. Kennedy is assassinated in Los Angeles by Sirhan Sirhan

Speeches from History: Robert F. Kennedy June 5, 1968 (03:15)

Robert “Bobby” Kennedy Gravesite in Arlington National Cemetery; the Lee-Custis Mansion is in the background and JFK’s site is to the right. "Some men see things as they are and ask, 'Why?' I dream things that never were and ask, 'Why not?'" Robert F. Kennedy, 1968

Gravesite of Joseph Kennedy (oldest brother)

Gravesite of Teddy Kennedy (youngest brother)

2. Pres. Johnson announces that he won’t seek re- election 3. Richard Nixon narrowly defeats Hubert Humphrey for the presidency

J Nixon bans the use of chemical and biological weapons 2. Strategic Arms Limitation Talks (SALT) begin between US & Russia to control nuclear arms race

Speeches from History: Robert F. Kennedy Courage to Do What is Difficult/RFK's Death (03:08)