Microorganisms and other related science stuff! The Microbiome, Bacteria & More!

 Our Relationship to microorganisms… The Human Microbiome…you are more microbe then humane!  Distinguishable features (prokaryotic)  Uses of Bacteria  The symbiotic relationships of human-bacteria.  YAY SCIENCE!! Overview

Project Description There are millions of microbes per square inch on your body Thousands of different species on the skin alone Some thrive on dry patches of the elbow, others thrive in moist environment of armpit It is estimated that there are more microbes in your intestine than there are human cells in your body!

What is the Human Microbiome? Microbe: tiny living organism, such as bacterium, fungus, protozoan, or virus Microbiome: collectively all the microbes in the human body; a community of microbes Biofilm: a community of microbes that live together on a surface

Microbes in the Human Microbiome include species from each major domain: Bacteria Archaebacteria Fungi

Prokaryotic Cells = Bacteria!!!  Bacteria have no nucleus or membrane bound organelles.  Bacteria come in a variety of sizes and shapes just like eukaryotic cells.

When do we get our first bacteria?  As a baby passes through the birth canal it is coated with bacteria and are included in breast milk and other bacteria.

 Each person is unique and so is the microbial communities in our bodies!  There are even different microbial communities on and in different parts of our bodies! You are never alone….

There are different habitats on our bodies for different types of microbial communities like:  On our skin,  In our mouths  In our nose  In our guts  Other places etc. etc. Microbes are normally found in and on the human body

 Bacteria help to educate your immune system  Gut flora assist with digestion …metabolism... Even vitamin production.  Ward off bad bacteria and produce natural antibiotics…fighting off infections  Signaling cells BUT WHAT DO THEY DO?!

“Bad” bacteria are traditionally defined as pathogenic bacteria, which means they may cause infection, make us sick or, in some cases, even kill us! Bad bacteria come from external influences such as food, environmental toxins and even the effects of stress on our bodies. Good Bacteria VS Bad Bacteria

Kills infectious bacteria but also disrupts natural flora. Antibiotics and Antimicrobials Antibiotics Many products kill germs and bacteria to “reduce infections”.  Natural Exposure? What problems could arise? Antimicrobial

Probiotics vs Antibiotics Probiotics are the opposite of antibiotics. Antibiotics kill bacteria, while probiotics are bacteria. Probiotics help repopulate the good bacteria in the gut—the bacteria that keep you healthy. Antibiotics Kill Bacteria and Can Cause Stomach Problems.

3 Types of Symbiotic Relationships 1. Mutualism – Both the human host and bacteria benefit. (Ex. E Coli in the Lg. Intestine) 2. Parasitism- Only the bacteria benefit: Human host harmed. (Ex Pathogenic Bacteria) 3. Commensalism-Only the bacteria benefit: Human host not harmed. (Unaffected)

 Yoghurt, milk, cheese etc.  Beer & Wines  Vinegars  Pickles  Nail Polish Remover  Aquarium additives Domestic/Commercial Use of Bacteria

Medicines can be made by specially-modified bacteria, called transgenic bacteria. These single-celled organisms have foreign genes along side their own DNA. They live and reproduce like ordinary bacteria, but they also do a bit of extra duty, and produce human proteins for medicines and vaccines. Medical Uses of Bacteria

Bioremediation is a waste management technique that involves the use of organisms to remove or neutralize pollutants from contaminated site. Bacteria and the Environment

 Door handles  Fridge door  Cell Phone  Your mouth (#1)  Drinking Fountain  Shopping Cart  Kitchen sink  Money The Bacteri-estest Things EVER That You Touch Everyday!!  Keyboard  Light switch  Balls in Phys. Ed.  Toilet Flusher/Seat  Purses  TV Remote  Latch of Bathroom Stall

Questions & Discussion