Monomers and Polymers Use the cards to make a “sentence” with pictures that describes the process of building or breaking a macromolecule You may need multiples of some cards in your “sentence” Keep your “sentences” on the table for the next activity

Reaction 1 Build a disaccharide monosaccharide + monosaccharide (dehydration synthesis) =disaccharide

Reaction 2 Break down a saturated fat (lipid) Lipid (hydrolysis) = 1 glycerol + 3 fatty acids

Reaction 3 Build a protein Amino acid + amino acid (dehydration synthesis) = protein

Reaction 4 Build a polysaccharide Many monosaccharides (dehydration synthesis) = polysaccharide

Reaction 5 Break down a phospholipid Phospholipid (hydrolysis) = 1 phosphate + 2 fatty acids

Reaction 6 Build an unsaturated fat (lipid) 1 glycerol + 3 fatty acids* (dehydration synthesis) = Unsaturated fat *at least one of the fatty acids has a double bond between carbons

Reaction 7 Break down a nucleic acid DNA or RNA (hydrolysis) = many nucleotides

On your board: Divide your board in half On one side, write the names of the polymers (unsaturated fats, saturated fats, nucleic acids, proteins, phospholipids, disaccharides, polysaccharides) On the other side, write the names of the monomers needed to make each polymer

Polymers and Monomers PolymerMonomers that make the Polymer Unsaturated FatsGlycerol + 3 Fatty Acids (at least one with a double bond between carbons) Saturated FatsGlycerol + 3 Fatty Acids (no double bonds between carbons) Nucleic AcidsNucleotides PhospholipidsPhosphate head + 2 Fatty Acid tails Disaccharides2 monosaccharides Polysaccharides3 or more monosaccharides ProteinsAmino Acids

Macromolecule Warm Up Quiz

Question 1 Energy is stored in the carbon-hydrogen bonds in macromolecules. Which storage molecule holds more energy, polysaccharides or fats? Explain your answer.

Answer: Fats store more energy than carbohydrates because they consist of long chains of carbon- hydrogen bonds.

Question 2 The complex structure of a protein is held together through peptide bonds, hydrogen bonds, ionic attractions, and bridge bonds between sulfurs in the polypeptides. Environmental conditions can affect the functioning of these bonds. How might the function of the protein be affected if these bonds changed? What do we call this process?

Answer: Breaking any of these bonds will change the shape of protein and result in denaturation where the function of the protein will be changed or lost.

Question 3 The breakdown of sugars provides energy and materials to build the macromolecules in our bodies. What would happen if we could not build glycogen?

Answer: If we could not build glycogen, we would have no long term way to store carbohydrate energy and we would have to eat frequently to supply our bodies with energy for movement and metabolism.

Question 4 The pathway for protein synthesis is DNA to RNA to protein. If a mutation occurs in the DNA code, changing the RNA and resulting in one different amino acid… Which of the four levels of protein organization might be affected? Could the function of the protein be affected? Why or why not?

Answer: If there was a change in one amino acid the primary structure would be affected. This might affect the secondary, tertiary and quaternary structure of the protein as well since it may change the folding of the polypeptide.

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Diagram 14: Name all three molecules Monomer or polymer? What is the process? What bond is being formed?

Answers to Diagrams: 1.Monosaccharide 2.DNA 3.Amino acid 4.Saturated Fat 5.Phospholipid bilayer 6.Quaternary protein 7.Unsaturated fat 8.RNA 9.Steroid 10.Disaccharide 11.Polysaccharide 12.Nucleotide 13.Unsaturated fatty acid 14.Amino acid, amino acid, polypeptide; top 2 are monomers, bottom one is a polymer; process is dehydration synthesis; a peptide bond is formed.