PIA 2574 African Development Seminar. The Economy: Markets and Planning.

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Presentation transcript:

PIA 2574 African Development Seminar

The Economy: Markets and Planning

Historical African Development Issues  The Concept of "Indigenization:“  Localization process  Personnel Indigenization (Africanization, Indianization,)  Representative Bureaucracy

African Historical Development Issues  Equity- Fixed percentage of ownership  49% local content requirements  Nationalization with or without Compensation (State Socialism)  Joint Venture Programs- management contracts

The World Economic Regime  The Importance of the Market  End of the Command Economy  World Market: Only game in Town?

Market Debates  Impact of world economy on Domestic Economies: Development of underdevelopment  Questions of conflict: pluralist vs. hegemonic models in the post-war world  Economic change vs. political development- Is governance (democracy) a pre-requisite?

Market Issues  Complementarity problem  Origins of capital  Market failure?  The end of the Command Economy

Statistics- Forty Years of Independence  Social: Illiteracy % illiterate  Population: Growth vs. HIV/AIDs 3-4 percent per year 50% less than 15 years of age 20-25% HIV positive in Southern Africa  Loss of Primacy of Nation State

Statistics Health: Losing the Battle? Malaria Yellow Fever Schistosomiasis/bilharzia Sleeping Sickness Kwashiorkor HIV/AIDs

Forty Years of Independence  Agriculture: Subsistence: soils/rain/desertification  Decline in food production (cash crops and urbanization)  Terms of Trade and Debt  Price decline for Primary products  Economic collapse- one third of Africa

Economic Growth  Economic: Fourth World- less than 1% growth  Fourth World  $100-$365 per year

Growth  %  %  %  Now: 55-60% Goal: Back to the Future

Economic and Social Development: Liberalism and Markets  Social Norms and Production  Economic predictability  Alternatives to private investment  Globalization and international capital  Africa and the World Economic System: Odd Continent Out?

Primacy of Nation State: How Sovereign?  Impact of transnational actors  Issue of micro-states  Rational Actor model- public or social choice theory- collective choice is non-rational?  The role of international regimes- UN, World Bank, IMF, etc. Globalization and International Order

Discussion The Impact of Gobalization on Africa?

The Issue of Transitional States NICs Newly Industrializing Countries in Asia and Latin America:

The Issue of Transitional States  Tigers: Korea, Singapore, Hong Kong, Taiwan  Kittens: Thailand, Malaysia, Indonesia- Want to be Tigers  "Tails": India, China, Brazil, Argentina, Mexico. Tigers with long poverty tails.

The Issue of Transitional States  Why no NICs in Africa?  What about South Africa?  Autonomous vs. Dependent Development?

African Successes: Oil  Nigeria  Gabon  Cameroon  Angola, Chad, Sudan?

African Successes: No Oil  South Africa  Kenya  Botswana  Ivory Coast*  Zimbabwe* *Bad Politics

Issues of markets and productivity  International systemic hegemony and international competition within markets  Technical Assistance- bias to international trade  Back to the future- get the LDC economy back to the 1950s: what then?  Dependent development- is it dependent and is it development?

Financial and Budgetary Management Systems in Africa Six historical periods 1.Until the 1950s- recurrent budgets- law and order s-1960s growth. Domestic development Funds with bilateral technical assistance 3.Recurrent vs. Development budgets

Financial and Budgetary Management Systems in Africa s-1970s: Distribution and basic needs. World Bank and Poorest of the poor 5.Mid-1970s Planning vs. Budgets s- Structural Adjustment "non- budgetary" allocations vs. incremental budgeting (define)

Planning vs. Budgets  donor monies drive the system in the degenerated state  planning demanded by technical assistance  Technical assistance- both grants and loans (no private loans to Africa)  project planning "wins" over national planning and budgeting systems

African Economies: Discussion What kind of an economy works for Africa? Capitalism Socialism Economy of Affection Dependent Development?

African Economies: Discussion  Why should the Northern Tier states care about Africa?  What are the regional economies in Francophone Africa, in Eastern and Southern Africa? Is there a common West African Economy?  Which of your writers say important things about economic development?