Chapter 43: Global Ecology and Conservation By: Larmen, Laureen, Kelsey, Bradley, and Jacob

43.1 Human Activities Threaten Earth’s Biodiversity  Levels of diversity  Genetic  Species  Ecosystem  Four threats to Biodiversity  Habitat Loss  Introduced Species  Overharvesting  Global Change

43.2 Conservation Approaches  Conservational biologists focus on two specific types of populations  Small populations  Declining populations  Small populations: focuses on its “smallness” as the reason for endangerment  Since small, genetic diversity is inherently lower and more susceptible to negatively favored genetic drift.  Due to size, a natural disaster or destruction of a portion of the habitat can destroy a huge proportion of a species thus leaving a less genetically variable population  This spiral into smaller and smaller population sizes is called an extinction vortex  Declining populations: focuses on environmental factors as reason  Habitat loss and human impact are main factors of destruction

43.3 Landscape and Regional Conservation Helps Sustain Biodiversity  Landscape structure and Biodiversity  Fragmentation and edges  Area where an ecosystem changes  Corridors  Areas that connect ecosystems  Establishing protected areas  Biodiversity hot spots  Large numbers of unique species  Nature reserves and zoned reserves  Protected areas surrounded by human development

43.4 Human Actions Affecting Earth (in a bad way)  Nutrient Enrichment  Humans consistently add more nutrients to the ecosystem (fertilizers etc.) that overflow the critical load of an ecosystem which damages the plants and animals  Also causes lake eutrophication  Toxins in the Environment  Causes biological magnification which causes toxins to accumulate as one moves down the food chain and ends up harming the top predators of an ecosystem (us).  Greenhouse emissions  Methane, Ozone gas, Carbon Dioxide, nitrous oxide, and water vapor are emitted by humans at an increasing rate which increases the effects of greenhouse effect.

43.5 Human Population  Human population growth rate  Slow, constant rate until industrialization  Growth became exponential  Global Carrying Capacity  When can the earth no longer support more people  Ecological footprint  Amount of land and water area required by an individual, city, or nation to produce all necessary resources and absorb all waste

43.6 Sustainable Development  Benefits humans and ecosystems alike  Definition: economic development that meets the needs of the present while also being able to provide the required needs of their posterity  Key to success  Combine conservation science to all industries: business, textiles, travel, etc.  Remember to recycle

Study aid  on-biology-and-restoration-ecology-flash- cards/ on-biology-and-restoration-ecology-flash- cards/  Prezi