CPR and First Aid for Shock and Choking (2:33) Click here to launch video Click here to download print activity

Medical emergencies that are life threatening include loss of breathing, shock, and choking.

chain of survival defibrillator cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) rescue breathing shock

The Chain of Survival In a medical emergency, a victim’s life depends on a specific series of actions called the chain of survival. The first few minutes after a medical crisis are usually the most critical.

The Chain of Survival If the victim is unresponsive, or unable to speak or react to his or her surroundings, you need to act quickly. The key is to know what to do, remain calm, and take action.

The Chain of Survival An unresponsive victim is in immediate danger. Her or his best hope lies in the chain of survival. Chain of survival A sequence of actions that maximize the victim’s chances of survival

1)Recognize there is an emergency and call You can do this even if you decide not to help 2)Early CPR 3)Early Defibrillation (using the AED) 4)Early Advanced Life Support -Paramedics arrive quickly and have equipment ready to use. 5) Integrated post-cardiac care - a team of doctors and therapists to keep the patient on track.

The Chain of Survival The first step is important for all victims. The 911 operator will ask you questions about the victim’s condition and instruct you on what to do next.

The Chain of Survival If the victim is not responding and you have called 911, you will be instructed to move on to the next link in the chain of survival and conduct cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR).

The Chain of Survival Defibrillation using a defibrillator is the next step in the chain of survival. For every minute it is delayed, good outcomes reduce by 10%. Defibrillator A device that delivers an electric shock to the heart to restore its normal rhythm

The Chain of Survival Paramedics and other trained medical personnel can provide the advanced care needed to keep the victim alive on the way to the hospital.

CPR CPR can save the life of a person whose heartbeat or breathing has stopped. Giving CPR as soon as possible is a crucial link in the chain of survival.

CPR However, if no trained person is present, it’s better to have cardiopulmonary resuscitation done by an untrained person than to wait for paramedics to arrive. Something is better than nothing! Cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) A first-aid procedure that combines rescue breathing and chest compressions to supply oxygen to the body until normal body functions can resume

CPR for Adults Size up the scene. Is it safe? What happened? Anyone to help you? Tap the victim on the shoulder while shouting, “Are you okay?” If the victim doesn’t respond, call 911 or send someone to call and bring you a first aid kit and AED. Scan for breathing, then begin performing the steps for CPR.

CPR for Adults CPR involves performing rescue breathing. Rescue breaths should last about one second, just enough for the chest to rise. Rescue breathing Breathing for a person who is not breathing on his or her own

CPR for Adults After checking for consciousness and calling 911: Check for breathing for no more than 10 seconds. Begin 30 chest compressions alternating with 2 rescue breaths Compressions should be at least 2 inches deep Compress at a rate of beats per minute Try counting one and, two and, three and … Hands: should be in line with the middle of the sternum with interlaced fingers. Keep fingers off the chest. Arms: should be locked out with shoulders directly above your hands. * Use your body weight to compress the chest straight down. * Be sure not to compress on the xyphoid process

Hand Position for Compressions

CPR for Adults After 30 chest compressions, give 2 rescue breaths.

Hand Position for Two Rescue Breaths If the first breath does not go in: Re-tilt the head and try one more time. If it doesn’t go in a second time, resume 30 more compressions. Try to minimize time spent on breaths to less than 10 seconds.

CPR for Adults Hands Only CPR If you are not comfortable putting your mouth on theirs, or there is no barrier available, you can do the compressions alone. Keep the same position on the chest. Continue to compress at least 2 inches deep with a rate of 100 to 120 beats per minute.

Continue CPR until: 1)The victim shows a sign of life 2)The scene becomes too unsafe for you 3)EMS or another trained responder comes to take over 4)An AED arrives and is ready to use. 5)You are alone and have no phone to call 911 and you have done 2 minutes of CPR on a child or adult choking/drowning victim. 6)You are too tired or injured to continue.

CPR for Infants and Children Cardiac arrest in children is usually caused by a breathing emergency, trauma, or congenital heart defect. If the victim is an infant or a young child, the cycle of CPR is still 30 chest compressions for every two rescue breaths. Rate if compressions stays the same. Depth will be different.

CPR Differences for Infants and Children When performing rescue breathing on a baby, place your mouth over the baby’s nose and mouth at the same time—not the mouth only, as for an adult. If you are alone with no phone, give five cycles of CPR—about two minutes worth—before leaving to make the call. Flick the bottom of an infant’s foot to check for consciousness. Do not use a face mask designed for adult CPR when performing CPR on an infant.

CPR for Infants and Children Be sure the victim is on a firm/flat surface. On an infant, position two fingers on the baby’s sternum, just below the nipple line. Press the sternum: Infants (12 months and younger) About 1.5 inches deep. Children (1-8 years or under 55 lbs.) About 2 inches deep Adults (over 55 lbs) AT LEAST 2 inches deep.

CPR for Infants and Children To perform chest compressions on a child between one and eight years old, you can either use the heel of one hand or use both hands as in adult CPR. Position your hands about two finger widths above the end of the sternum, and press the sternum down about two inches deep.

CPR for Infants and Children

What is an AED? Automated External Defibrillator Uses an electric shock to restore an abnormal heart rhythm Should be used as soon as possible For every minute an AED is delayed, the chance of survival drops by about 10%

How to use the AED Place AED above victim’s head Stop CPR (unless two trained responders) TURN ON THE AED!!!!! Use scissors to remove clothing from the chest and gauze to wipe the chest dry The enclosed razor should only be used if chest hair is so thick the pads may not make connection with skin

How to use the AED continued … Attach the electrodes on the upper right and left side of chest. (pictures are on the pads) Be sure the pads are plugged in Follow the directions given Be sure no one is touching the victim during analyzing and shocking You leave the pads attached when resuming CPR

Infant Pads for AED If a child is under 55 lbs., use infant pads If no infant pads are available, you can use adult pads, but infant pads CANNOT be used on adults. If the infant is tiny and the pads touch, place one on chest and one on back between shoulder blades.

Other Emergencies Choking and shock are life-threatening medical emergencies that require immediate attention. Knowing the specific first-aid procedures for choking and shock can save lives in a medical emergency.

First Aid for Choking Choking occurs when an object, such as a piece of food, becomes stuck in a person’s windpipe, cutting off the flow of air. Clutching the throat is the universal sign for choking.

First Aid for Choking Other Signs of Choking An inability to speak Difficulty breathing An inability to cough forcefully Turning blue in the face or lips Loss of consciousness

First Aid for Choking If you see the signs of choking in an adult, help the person immediately by performing back blows and abdominal thrusts. For a choking infant, perform back blows and chest thrusts to dislodge the object.

First Aid for Choking

First Aid for Shock If someone displays the symptoms of shock, call 911 right away. Shock A life-threatening condition in which the heart is not delivering an adequate supply of blood to the body

First Aid for Shock Symptoms of Shock Cold, clammy skin, which may appear pale or grayish Weak, rapid pulse and altered breathing Dull, staring eyes, which may have dilated pupils Faintness, weakness, confusion, or loss of consciousness, excessive thirst

First Aid for Shock 1)Get the victim to lie down if possible. 2)Do NOT give anything to eat or drink. 3)Care for any injuries (bleeding, etc.) 4)Control their body temperature 5)Reassure them until help arrives.

First Aid for Shock Some shock victims become anxious or agitated, so try to keep the person calm. Monitor the victim’s breathing, and be prepared to start CPR immediately if breathing stops.

First Aid for Shock Loosen the victim’s clothing and try to keep him warm and comfortable. Don’t give the victim anything to eat or drink. If the victim vomits, drools, or starts bleeding from the mouth, roll him into the recovery position.

After You Read Reviewing Facts and Vocabulary Recognize the emergency and call 911, CPR, defibrillation, and advanced care, cardiac post care team. 1.Identify the steps in the chain of survival.

After You Read Reviewing Facts and Vocabulary 2.What is the basic cycle of CPR? 30 compressions and 2 breaths

After You Read Reviewing Facts and Vocabulary 3.What is the universal sign for choking? Clutching the throat