1 13 Supervision Today! 7 th Edition Stephen Robbins David DeCenzo Robert Wolter WORKPLACE HEALTH and SAFETY APPRAISAL, SAFETY, NEGOTIATION, CHANGE, AND LABOR RELATIONS

Chapter Outcomes Discuss the supervisory effects of the Occupational Safety and Health Act. List the enforcement priorities of OSHA. Explain what punitive actions OSHA can impose on an organization. Describe what supervisors must to do comply with OSHA record-keeping requirements. Describe the leading causes of safety and health accidents. Explain what supervisors can do to prevent workplace violence. Define stress. Explain how a supervisor can create a healthy work site. Describe the purposes of employee assistance and wellness programs. 2 Supervision Today!, 7/e Robbins, DeCenzo, Wolter © 2013 Pearson Education Uppers Saddle River, NJ 07458, All Rights Reserved

Introduction Most recent Bureau of Labor Standards records indicate that in 2009: – 4,340 work-related deaths – 50,000 died from occupational diseases – 4.1 million work related injury/illness – Estimated cost of $159 billion to $318 billion per year 3 Supervision Today!, 7/e Robbins, DeCenzo, Wolter © 2013 Pearson Education Uppers Saddle River, NJ 07458, All Rights Reserved

OSH Act The Occupational Safety and Health Act Established comprehensive and specific health standards Authorized inspections to ensure standards are met Empowered the Occupational Safety and Health Administration to police organizational compliance Required employers to keep records of illnesses and injuries and to calculate accident ratios 4 Supervision Today!, 7/e Robbins, DeCenzo, Wolter © 2013 Pearson Education Uppers Saddle River, NJ 07458, All Rights Reserved

OSH Act established standards for diverse conditions Noise levels Air impurities Physical protection equipment The height of toilet partitions Correct size of ladders 5 Supervision Today!, 7/e Robbins, DeCenzo, Wolter © 2013 Pearson Education Uppers Saddle River, NJ 07458, All Rights Reserved

Priority listing Imminent danger Serious accidents that have occurred within the last 48 hours Current employee complaint Inspections of target industries with high injury ratio Random inspections 6 Supervision Today!, 7/e Robbins, DeCenzo, Wolter © 2013 Pearson Education Uppers Saddle River, NJ 07458, All Rights Reserved

EXHIBIT 13–2 OSHA’s Forms 300 and 300A. Source: 04.pdf. 7 Supervision Today!, 7/e Robbins, DeCenzo, Wolter © 2013 Pearson Education Uppers Saddle River, NJ 07458, All Rights Reserved

Incidence rate formula To determine the incident rate, the formula (N/EH) x 200,000 is used where: – N is the number of injuries and/or illnesses or lost workdays – EH is the total hours worked by all employees during the year – 200,000 is the base hour rate equivalent (100 workers x 40 hours per week x 50 weeks per year) 8 Supervision Today!, 7/e Robbins, DeCenzo, Wolter © 2013 Pearson Education Uppers Saddle River, NJ 07458, All Rights Reserved

EXHIBIT 13–3 Determining recordability of cases under the OSH Act. 9 Supervision Today!, 7/e Robbins, DeCenzo, Wolter © 2013 Pearson Education Uppers Saddle River, NJ 07458, All Rights Reserved

Continuing OSHA issues Blood-borne pathogens Lyme disease prevention Chemical process safety Motor vehicle safety Ergonomics Employee training 10 Supervision Today!, 7/e Robbins, DeCenzo, Wolter © 2013 Pearson Education Uppers Saddle River, NJ 07458, All Rights Reserved

OSHA Training Guideline Model 1. Determine if training is needed. 2. Identify training needs. 3. Identify goals and objectives. 4. Develop learning activities. 5. Conduct the training. 6. Assess and evaluate training program effectiveness. 7. Improve the program based on the assessment. 11 Supervision Today!, 7/e Robbins, DeCenzo, Wolter © 2013 Pearson Education Uppers Saddle River, NJ 07458, All Rights Reserved

EXHIBIT 13–4 Accident prevention mechanisms. 12 Supervision Today!, 7/e Robbins, DeCenzo, Wolter © 2013 Pearson Education Uppers Saddle River, NJ 07458, All Rights Reserved

Workplace violence The issue for supervisors – How to prevent violence – How to reduce the organization’s liability should an unfortunate event occur Plan of action – Develop a plan – Train supervisors to identify troubled employees before the problem results in violence – Implement stronger security mechanisms – Prepare supervisors to deal with the aftermath of the situation 13 Supervision Today!, 7/e Robbins, DeCenzo, Wolter © 2013 Pearson Education Uppers Saddle River, NJ 07458, All Rights Reserved

Maintaining a healthy workplace Make sure workers get enough fresh air Avoid suspect building materials and furnishings Test new buildings for toxins before occupancy Provide a smoke-free environment Keep air ducts clean and dry Pay attention to workers’ complaints 14 Supervision Today!, 7/e Robbins, DeCenzo, Wolter © 2013 Pearson Education Uppers Saddle River, NJ 07458, All Rights Reserved

Repetitive stress injuries Musculoskeletal disorders (MSDs) Account for nearly 40% of annual workplace illnesses – Headaches – Swollen feet – Back pain – Nerve damage Carpal Tunnel Syndrome 15 Supervision Today!, 7/e Robbins, DeCenzo, Wolter © 2013 Pearson Education Uppers Saddle River, NJ 07458, All Rights Reserved

EXHIBIT 13–5 Potential sources of stress. 16 Supervision Today!, 7/e Robbins, DeCenzo, Wolter © 2013 Pearson Education Uppers Saddle River, NJ 07458, All Rights Reserved

How can stress be reduced? Match employees to jobs Reduce ambiguity Ease work overload-related stressors Employee Assistance Programs Wellness Programs 17 Supervision Today!, 7/e Robbins, DeCenzo, Wolter © 2013 Pearson Education Uppers Saddle River, NJ 07458, All Rights Reserved