BELL-RINGER What is the name of the scientist that determined that cells can only arise from preexisting cells A Schleiden B Virchow C Schwann D Hooke

“Cells” “Cell Structure”

COMMON CELL TRAITS A cell is the smallest unit that is capable of performing life functions.

COMPARING CELLS The size & shape of a cell relates to its function. (job it does)

Prokaryotic Cells (proh KAYR ee yah tihk) cells without membrane- bound structures EX: bacteria pond scum

Eukaryotic Cells (yew KAYR ee yah tihk) cells with membrane- bound structures EX: animals, plants, fungi and protists

protects the cell gives shape is made of cellulose A cell wall is found in plants, algae, fungi, & most bacteria. CELL WALL

CELL MEMBRANE Outer covering, protective layer around ALL cells For cells with cell walls,the cell membrane is inside the cell wall Allows food, oxygen, & water into the cell & waste products out of the cell.

CYTOPLASM gelatin-like inside cell membrane constantly flows aka protoplasm

CYTOSKELETON scaffolding-like structure in cytoplasm helps the cell maintain or change its shape made of protein

NUCLEUS Directs all cell activities Contains instructions for everything the cell does These instructions are found on a hereditary material called DNA Usually the largest organelle

NUCLEAR MEMBRANE separates nucleus from cytoplasm controls movement of materials in & out of nucleus

NUCLEOLUS Aka “little nucleus” Found in the nucleus

CHROMATIN contains genetic code that controls cell made of DNA & proteins

CHLOROPLASTS Green organelles that make food found only in plant cells

CHLOROPHYLL A green pigment that gives leaves & stems their color Captures sunlight energy that is used to produce food called glucose Glucose is a type of sugar

MITOCHONDRIA Organelles that release energy from food This energy is released by breaking down food into carbon dioxide AKA the powerhouse b/c they release energy from food Some muscle cells have 20,000 mitochondria

RIBOSOMES Make proteins Float freely or attached to the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) Ribosomes are made in the nucleolus

ENDOPLASMIC RETICULUM A series of folded membranes that move materials (proteins) around in a cell like a conveyor belt Smooth ER – ribosomes not attached to ER Rough ER – ribosomes attached to ER

GOLGI BODIES (GAWL jee) Stacked flattened membranes Sort and package proteins

VACUOLES Temporary storage spaces Store food, water, waste

LYSOSOMES (LI suh sohmz) The word "lysosome" is Latin for "kill body." The purpose of the lysosome is to digest things. They might be used to digest food or break down the cell when it dies. Break down food molecules, cell wastes & worn out cell parts