The New Deal FDR supported “bold, persistent experimentation” FDR supported “bold, persistent experimentation” Addressed 3 R’s (Reform, Recovery, Relief) Addressed 3 R’s (Reform, Recovery, Relief) First New Deal consisted of 15 measures First New Deal consisted of 15 measures FDR used “fireside chats” to communicate his programs to the American people FDR used “fireside chats” to communicate his programs to the American people Dealt w/ banking crisis immediately Dealt w/ banking crisis immediately Declared a national bank holiday Declared a national bank holiday Passed the Emergency Banking Relief Act Passed the Emergency Banking Relief Act Restored confidence in banks Restored confidence in banks Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation (FDIC) Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation (FDIC) Insured bank deposits up to $5,000 Insured bank deposits up to $5,000

Provided relief to the American people Provided relief to the American people Federal Emergency Relief Act (FERA) Federal Emergency Relief Act (FERA) Federal govt. provided $ for local and state welfare agencies to distribute to the increasing numbers of unemployed Federal govt. provided $ for local and state welfare agencies to distribute to the increasing numbers of unemployed Civilian Conservation Corps (CCC) Civilian Conservation Corps (CCC) Provided jobs for young people Provided jobs for young people Helped develop parks & forests Helped develop parks & forests ***Hoped to stimulate economy***

Public Works Administration (PWA) Public Works Administration (PWA) Provided jobs for unemployed workers Provided jobs for unemployed workers Built public works (bridges, schools, etc.) Built public works (bridges, schools, etc.) Rural Electrification Act (REA) Provided electricity to rural areas Provided electricity to rural areas Provided employment for workers Provided employment for workers

Agricultural Adjustment Act (AAA) Paid farmers to grow less Paid farmers to grow less Paid farmers to destroy crops/livestock Paid farmers to destroy crops/livestock Money came from taxes on food processors Money came from taxes on food processors Tennessee Valley Authority (TVA) One of the largest New Deal measures One of the largest New Deal measures Workers built dams along TN River Workers built dams along TN River Control flooding & created recreation areas Control flooding & created recreation areas Provided electricity to homes & farms Provided electricity to homes & farms Combat malaria, illiteracy, soil erosion Combat malaria, illiteracy, soil erosion ***Goal was to improve standard of living***

Supreme Court Opposition to the New Deal People lost enthusiasm in the NRA People lost enthusiasm in the NRA 1935, Supreme Court ruled the NIRA & NRA unconstitutional 1935, Supreme Court ruled the NIRA & NRA unconstitutional 1936, Supreme Court ruled the AAA unconstitutional 1936, Supreme Court ruled the AAA unconstitutional Said taxes on food processors were illegal Said taxes on food processors were illegal Many Americans didn’t like the TVA, but the Supreme Court refused to strike it down Many Americans didn’t like the TVA, but the Supreme Court refused to strike it down Both reflected opposition of Supreme Court to New Deal legislation Both reflected opposition of Supreme Court to New Deal legislation

New Deal Equality Few New Deal programs were discriminatory Few New Deal programs were discriminatory African Americans hired but were segregated African Americans hired but were segregated African Americans hired to serve in the federal govt. African Americans hired to serve in the federal govt. Result of Eleanor Roosevelt---a champion of civil rights Result of Eleanor Roosevelt---a champion of civil rights Native Americans also suffered Native Americans also suffered Disease, malnutrition, inadequate housing, etc Disease, malnutrition, inadequate housing, etc Dawes Act had been unsuccessful Dawes Act had been unsuccessful John Collier championed Indian reforms John Collier championed Indian reforms Resulted in Indian Reorganization Act, 1934 Resulted in Indian Reorganization Act, 1934 Aimed to promoting & preserving Indian culture Aimed to promoting & preserving Indian culture

New Deal Critics Three individuals emerged to propose alternatives to FDR’s New Deal programs Three individuals emerged to propose alternatives to FDR’s New Deal programs 1.Father Charles Coughlin – radio priest urged the govt. to nationalize all banks & return to the silver standard 2.Huey “Kingfish” Long – proposed a relief program called Share-Our-Wealth Would take money from the rich & give to the poor so all could have a set income & a home Would take money from the rich & give to the poor so all could have a set income & a home 3.Dr. Francis Townsend – wanted a govt. pension of $200/month paid to every American 60 years old or more w/ condition it had to be spent in 30 days Would pump money into the economy Would pump money into the economy Would open new jobs for younger Americans Would open new jobs for younger Americans

The Second New Deal FDR responded to criticism of his administration w/ the Second New Deal FDR responded to criticism of his administration w/ the Second New Deal Programs were more long term in scope Programs were more long term in scope Works Progress Administration (WPA) Works Progress Administration (WPA) Provide jobs & to get money into circulation Provide jobs & to get money into circulation Variety of construction projects: hospitals, schools, parks, playgrounds, & airports Variety of construction projects: hospitals, schools, parks, playgrounds, & airports Social Security Act, 1935 Social Security Act, 1935 Provided unemployment insurance Provided unemployment insurance Provided pensions to retired workers 65+ Provided pensions to retired workers 65+ Provided payments to workers w/ disabilities, the elderly, widows & their children Provided payments to workers w/ disabilities, the elderly, widows & their children

Election of 1936 FDR re-elected in 1936 FDR re-elected in 1936 Reform the Supreme Court Reform the Supreme Court Some programs were declared unconstitutional Some programs were declared unconstitutional Wanted to appoint one new justice for every justice over age 70 Wanted to appoint one new justice for every justice over age 70 Proposed “court packing” looked like move toward dictatorship to many Proposed “court packing” looked like move toward dictatorship to many 1938, many people began blocking many of his reforms 1938, many people began blocking many of his reforms Believed he was gaining too much power Believed he was gaining too much power Turning their attention toward events in Asia & Europe Turning their attention toward events in Asia & Europe Significance of FDR’s New Deal Increased the size & scope of the federal govt. Increased the size & scope of the federal govt. Gave the govt. a much larger role in the economy Gave the govt. a much larger role in the economy People came to expect the govt. to help out when they became victims of economic conditions People came to expect the govt. to help out when they became victims of economic conditions

New Deal Programs 1.Name and Explain the function of the following Programs of the New Deal: CCC, TVA, AAA, FERA, NRA, FDIC, PWA, CWA, SEC, Emergency Banking Relief Act, NIRA, HOLC, FCA 2.Explain specific actions taken by many to combat New Deal programs. 3.Name and Explain the function of the following Programs of the Second New Deal: WPA, NLRB, Banking Act, Resettlement Act, Social Security Act, REA, CIO, National Housing Act, Farm Security Administration, Fair Labor Standards Act