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“Only Thing To Fear” Inauguration Speech “The only thing we have to fear, is fear itself” -Public Relations -Fireside Chats FDR spoke by radio to America on a regular basis Calmed their fears In 1932, the presidential election showed that Americans were clearly ready for a change.

A Call to Action -Progressive programs Experiment with solutions Relief, Recovery, Reform -Group Effort Eleanor Roosevelt More political first lady Brain Trust Intellectuals who helped FDR develop policies -1 st 100 Days March-June 1933 The Roosevelt administration implemented programs to provide relief to farmers. It also aided other workers and provided for stimulating economic recovery. What do you think the cartoonist means by Roosevelt’s remark concerning New Deal remedies?

Eleanor Roosevelt A niece of Teddy Roosevelt and a distant cousin of Franklin, Eleanor lost her parents at an early age and was raised by a strict grandmother. As First Lady, she often urged the president to take stands on controversial issues. She became known for speaking out against economic and social injustice. In presenting a booklet on human rights to the UN in 1958 she said, “Where after all do human rights begin?... [In] the world of the individual person: the neighborhood…the school…the factory, farm or office where he works.”

First New Deal -designed for relief, recovery, and reform -deficit spending Spending money country does not have -pump priming -Bank Holiday closed all banks to prevent withdrawals Reopened sound banks-those unable to repay debts stayed closed -FDIC -SEC The New Deal was the title President Franklin D. Roosevelt gave to the series of programs he initiated between 1933 and 1938 with the goal of providing relief, recovery, and reform (3 Rs) to the people and economy of the United States during the Great Depression. Dozens of alphabet agencies (so named because of their acronyms), were created as a result of the New Deal.

New Deal : 1 st One Hundred Days

Alphabet Soup - FDIC Federal Depositors Insurance Corporation federal insurance for individual bank accounts -SEC Securities and Exchange Commission regulate stock market -PWA Public Works Administration Money to states to create construction jobs -CWA Civil Works Administration built schools, roads

Alphabet Soup -TVA Tennessee Valley Authority flood control hydroelectricity -CCC Civilian Conservation Corp young men age Built roads, parks -AAA Agricultural Adjustment Act attempted to raise crop prices by paying farmers not to farm -NRA National Recovery Administration set prices to ensure fair competition

New Deal Agencies: Creating jobs while improving society and landscape

Dust Bowl -great drought had hit the lower plains -mid 1930’s wind storms started -farms destroyed -many people migrate to the west migrant farm workers “Okies” -”Grapes of Wrath” John Steinbeck

In the 1930s, during the Dust Bowl era, large numbers of farmers fleeing disaster and the Great Depression migrated from the Great Plains and Southwest regions to California mostly along historic Route 66. More of the migrants were from Oklahoma than any other state, and a total of approximately 15% of the Oklahoma population left for California. Ben Reddick, a free-lance journalist and later publisher of the Paso Robles Daily Press, is credited with first using the term Okie, in the mid-1930s, to identify migrant farm workers. He noticed the "OK" abbreviation (for Oklahoma) on many of the migrant’s license plates and referred to them in his article as "Okies." Californians began calling all migrants "Okies," regardless of whether they were actually from Oklahoma. 32 Year Old Mother

Not Enough Help -By 1935 the economy has still not recovered Depression not over yet -there is enough relief to keep people from starving -some people start to demand more action “Eighteen million Americans are so poor of this world’s goods that they are on relief”

New Deal Critics -Father Charles Coughlin heavy taxes on the rich to provide income for all guaranteed annual income -Huey Long “Every man a King” level income, home and college for all “Share Our Wealth” Plan -Francis Townsend proposed income for elderly “We owe debts in America today, public and private, amounting to $252 billion. That means that every child is born with a $2000 debt around his neck… We propose that children shall be born in a land of opportunity, guaranteed a home, food, clothes, and other things that make for living, including the right to education.” -- Huey Long