Regional Workshop 6: Project Output Dissemination and Terminal Workshop 7-9 April 2015, Hotel Hollywood, Sarajevo, Bosnia and Herzegovina FAO TCP/RER/3402 “Assistance to Western Balkan Countries for Improving Compliance to International Standards on Aquatic Animal Health“ 1 J. Richard Arthur Regional Workshop 3: Improving Risk Analysis for Movements of Live Aquatic Animals J. Richard Arthur FAO International Consultant Barriere, CANADA

Regional Workshop 6: Project Output Dissemination and Terminal Workshop 7-9 April 2015, Hotel Hollywood, Sarajevo, Bosnia and Herzegovina FAO TCP/RER/3402 “Assistance to Western Balkan Countries for Improving Compliance to International Standards on Aquatic Animal Health“ Purpose of the Workshop 2 The objectives of the workshop were: To review the current status of risk analysis for aquatic animals in the 5 participating countries To provide introductory training in risk analysis to participants

Regional Workshop 6: Project Output Dissemination and Terminal Workshop 7-9 April 2015, Hotel Hollywood, Sarajevo, Bosnia and Herzegovina FAO TCP/RER/3402 “Assistance to Western Balkan Countries for Improving Compliance to International Standards on Aquatic Animal Health“ The Participants and Venue 3 The Workshop was held from27-31 January 2014 in Zagreb, Croatia The 27 participants included representatives from: Bosnia and Herzegovina (2) Croatia (17) Macedonia (2) Montenegro (1) Serbia (2) + 4 facilitators from FAO (including 2 course instructors)

Regional Workshop 6: Project Output Dissemination and Terminal Workshop 7-9 April 2015, Hotel Hollywood, Sarajevo, Bosnia and Herzegovina FAO TCP/RER/3402 “Assistance to Western Balkan Countries for Improving Compliance to International Standards on Aquatic Animal Health“ Workshop Contents 4 The workshop had three major components: Introductory Remarks and Presentations (including country status reports) Training Course in Risk Analysis for Movements of Live Aquatic Animals The Way Forward (discussion of future activities)

Regional Workshop 6: Project Output Dissemination and Terminal Workshop 7-9 April 2015, Hotel Hollywood, Sarajevo, Bosnia and Herzegovina FAO TCP/RER/3402 “Assistance to Western Balkan Countries for Improving Compliance to International Standards on Aquatic Animal Health“ Workshop Outputs 5 The expected outputs of the workshop were: participants trained in the goals, principles and methodology of risk analysis for movements of live aquatic animals (with emphasis on pathogen risk analysis); national and regional needs and future actions to improve risk analysis capacity identified; planning of future project activities advanced; and a workshop report.

Regional Workshop 6: Project Output Dissemination and Terminal Workshop 7-9 April 2015, Hotel Hollywood, Sarajevo, Bosnia and Herzegovina FAO TCP/RER/3402 “Assistance to Western Balkan Countries for Improving Compliance to International Standards on Aquatic Animal Health“ The Course Programme 6 Based on the FAO Introductory Training Course on Risk Analysis for Movements of Live Aquatic Animals (Arthur and Bondad-Reantaso, 2012) Which includes the use of case studies tailored to the individual country or region.

Regional Workshop 6: Project Output Dissemination and Terminal Workshop 7-9 April 2015, Hotel Hollywood, Sarajevo, Bosnia and Herzegovina FAO TCP/RER/3402 “Assistance to Western Balkan Countries for Improving Compliance to International Standards on Aquatic Animal Health“ The Course Programme: Lectures 7 Part 1: Course introduction Part 2: Overview of trade in aquatic animal commodities Part 3: Overview of risks in aquaculture Part 4: Overview of risk analysis Part 5: Relevant international treaties, agreements and guidance Part 6a: Pathogen risk analysis – Transboundary aquatic animal diseases (TAADs) Part 6b: Pathogen risk analysis – introduction and preliminaries and procedures

Regional Workshop 6: Project Output Dissemination and Terminal Workshop 7-9 April 2015, Hotel Hollywood, Sarajevo, Bosnia and Herzegovina FAO TCP/RER/3402 “Assistance to Western Balkan Countries for Improving Compliance to International Standards on Aquatic Animal Health“ The Course Programme: Lectures 8 Part 7: Pathogen risk analysis – Hazard identification Part 8: Pathogen risk analysis – risk assessment (release, exposure & consequence assessment, risk estimation; risk management (ALOP, precautionary principle, risk evaluation) Part 9: Pathogen risk analysis – risk management (option evaluation, implementation, monitoring and review) Part 10: Risk communication Part 11: Concluding session

Regional Workshop 6: Project Output Dissemination and Terminal Workshop 7-9 April 2015, Hotel Hollywood, Sarajevo, Bosnia and Herzegovina FAO TCP/RER/3402 “Assistance to Western Balkan Countries for Improving Compliance to International Standards on Aquatic Animal Health“ The Course Programme: Working Group Exercises 9 Exercise 1: Identifying issues and potential risks in proposals for species translocations for aquaculture development Exercise 2: Identifying current risk analysis frameworks (country exercise) Exercise 3: Case Studies: Pathogen risk analysis - scoping to hazard identification WG Exercise 4: Determining the national ALOP (country exercise) WG Exercise 5: Case Studies: risk assessment (release, exposure & consequence assessment); risk estimation; risk management (risk evaluation)) WG Exercise 6: Risk management (option evaluation, implementation, monitoring and review) Exercise 7: Implementing risk analysis: identification of needs and recommendations (country exercise)

Regional Workshop 6: Project Output Dissemination and Terminal Workshop 7-9 April 2015, Hotel Hollywood, Sarajevo, Bosnia and Herzegovina FAO TCP/RER/3402 “Assistance to Western Balkan Countries for Improving Compliance to International Standards on Aquatic Animal Health“ What is Risk? 10 Risk = likelihood x consequence

Regional Workshop 6: Project Output Dissemination and Terminal Workshop 7-9 April 2015, Hotel Hollywood, Sarajevo, Bosnia and Herzegovina FAO TCP/RER/3402 “Assistance to Western Balkan Countries for Improving Compliance to International Standards on Aquatic Animal Health“ In Practical Terms: Risk = Commodity x Source x Destination x Volume Live Adult Wild Direct Release Billions Processed SPF Immediate One Product Consumption Animal Higher Lower

Regional Workshop 6: Project Output Dissemination and Terminal Workshop 7-9 April 2015, Hotel Hollywood, Sarajevo, Bosnia and Herzegovina FAO TCP/RER/3402 “Assistance to Western Balkan Countries for Improving Compliance to International Standards on Aquatic Animal Health“ Risk Analysis Answers Four Questions 12 1.What can go wrong? (Hazard Identification) 2.How likely is it to go wrong? (Likelihood Estimation) 3.What will happen if it goes wrong? (Consequence Estimation) 4.What can be done to reduce the likelihood or the consequence of it going wrong (Risk Management)

Regional Workshop 6: Project Output Dissemination and Terminal Workshop 7-9 April 2015, Hotel Hollywood, Sarajevo, Bosnia and Herzegovina FAO TCP/RER/3402 “Assistance to Western Balkan Countries for Improving Compliance to International Standards on Aquatic Animal Health“ What is Import Risk Analysis? Import risk analysis (IRA) is an internationally accepted, standard method for deciding whether trade in a particular commodity poses a significant risk to human, animal or plant health, and, if so, what measures (if any) can be applied to reduce that risk to an acceptable level.

Regional Workshop 6: Project Output Dissemination and Terminal Workshop 7-9 April 2015, Hotel Hollywood, Sarajevo, Bosnia and Herzegovina FAO TCP/RER/3402 “Assistance to Western Balkan Countries for Improving Compliance to International Standards on Aquatic Animal Health“ Import Risk Analysis Framework

Regional Workshop 6: Project Output Dissemination and Terminal Workshop 7-9 April 2015, Hotel Hollywood, Sarajevo, Bosnia and Herzegovina FAO TCP/RER/3402 “Assistance to Western Balkan Countries for Improving Compliance to International Standards on Aquatic Animal Health“ What is a Hazard? To be considered in a Pathogen Risk Assessment, a pathogen must be: 1.Appropriate to the species being imported 2.Present or potentially present in the exporting country. 3.Absent from the importing country, or, if present, it should be an OIE-listed disease or a disease subject to a program of eradication or control.

Regional Workshop 6: Project Output Dissemination and Terminal Workshop 7-9 April 2015, Hotel Hollywood, Sarajevo, Bosnia and Herzegovina FAO TCP/RER/3402 “Assistance to Western Balkan Countries for Improving Compliance to International Standards on Aquatic Animal Health“ Transboundary Aquatic Animal Diseases Caused by biological agents Highly contagious Often spread rapidly and cause high morbidity/mortality in naïve populations May be new or emerging diseases Usually require drastic measures to eliminate from aquaculture systems and are usually impossible to eradicate once established in wild populations

Regional Workshop 6: Project Output Dissemination and Terminal Workshop 7-9 April 2015, Hotel Hollywood, Sarajevo, Bosnia and Herzegovina FAO TCP/RER/3402 “Assistance to Western Balkan Countries for Improving Compliance to International Standards on Aquatic Animal Health“ How does the Risk Analyst Decide if a Risk is Acceptable? 17 In Order to determine if a risk is acceptable, you need to know the national ALOP ALOP = Appropriate Level of Protection The inverse of ALOP is ALOR (Acceptable Level of Risk) Thus a country with a high national ALOP will have a low national ALOR

Regional Workshop 6: Project Output Dissemination and Terminal Workshop 7-9 April 2015, Hotel Hollywood, Sarajevo, Bosnia and Herzegovina Use of ALOR in Risk Evaluation NegligibleLowModerateHighCatastrophic HighNegligible Risk Low Risk Moderate Risk High Risk Extreme Risk ModerateNegligible RiskLowRisk Moderate Risk High Risk Extreme Risk LowNegligible Risk Very Low RiskLowRisk Moderate Risk High Risk Very LowNegligible Risk Negligible Risk Very Low RiskLowRisk Moderate Risk Negligible Risk Negligible Risk Negligible Risk Negligible Risk Negligible Risk Estimated Likelihood of Release & Exposure Estimated Consequences

Regional Workshop 6: Project Output Dissemination and Terminal Workshop 7-9 April 2015, Hotel Hollywood, Sarajevo, Bosnia and Herzegovina FAO TCP/RER/3402 “Assistance to Western Balkan Countries for Improving Compliance to International Standards on Aquatic Animal Health“ A Few Key Points on Risk Analysis Poorly planned movements of live aquatic animals can have huge economic, social & biological consequences. The changes caused by introductions and transfers are often irreversible. Almost all movements of live aquatic animal involve some ecological, pathogen and/or genetic risk. It is often possible to reduce risk to an acceptable level. Risk analysis is used to aid decision making and examine ways to reduce risk. Movements involving unacceptable risk should not take place.

Regional Workshop 6: Project Output Dissemination and Terminal Workshop 7-9 April 2015, Hotel Hollywood, Sarajevo, Bosnia and Herzegovina FAO TCP/RER/3402 “Assistance to Western Balkan Countries for Improving Compliance to International Standards on Aquatic Animal Health“ The Importance of Case Studies 20 Case Study 1 Tench (Tinca tinca) to Croatia Case Study 2 Giant Atlantic Scallop (Pecten maximus) to Montenegro

Regional Workshop 6: Project Output Dissemination and Terminal Workshop 7-9 April 2015, Hotel Hollywood, Sarajevo, Bosnia and Herzegovina FAO TCP/RER/3402 “Assistance to Western Balkan Countries for Improving Compliance to International Standards on Aquatic Animal Health“ The Importance of Case Studies 21 Cases studies involving realistic translocation scenarios, with detailed species profiles and pathogen sheets: allow participants to take a species through the entire risk analysis process generate enthusiastic participation and strong debate Prepare participants for real life situations

Regional Workshop 6: Project Output Dissemination and Terminal Workshop 7-9 April 2015, Hotel Hollywood, Sarajevo, Bosnia and Herzegovina FAO TCP/RER/3402 “Assistance to Western Balkan Countries for Improving Compliance to International Standards on Aquatic Animal Health“ The Way Forward 22 The participants identified the following areas as needing attention to improve regional capacity: Capacity building (more training) Aquaculture production strategy (incorporating risk analysis) Risk analysis on regional level (shared species & river systems = shared risks) Information flow (on diseases, introductions, etc.) Networking (sharing of expertise & experiences) Pool of experts Awareness of stakeholders (education) Disease fact sheets (up-to-date information on pathogens)

Regional Workshop 6: Project Output Dissemination and Terminal Workshop 7-9 April 2015, Hotel Hollywood, Sarajevo, Bosnia and Herzegovina FAO TCP/RER/3402 “Assistance to Western Balkan Countries for Improving Compliance to International Standards on Aquatic Animal Health“ The Take-Home Messages for Senior Policy-Makers and Managers 23 Risk Analysis contributes to Good Governance Transparency Science based Consistency Stakeholder consultation

Regional Workshop 6: Project Output Dissemination and Terminal Workshop 7-9 April 2015, Hotel Hollywood, Sarajevo, Bosnia and Herzegovina FAO TCP/RER/3402 “Assistance to Western Balkan Countries for Improving Compliance to International Standards on Aquatic Animal Health“ 24 Thank you!