MLZ is a cooperation between: Irradiation Effects on Solid Deuterium Stephan Wlokka.

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Presentation transcript:

MLZ is a cooperation between: Irradiation Effects on Solid Deuterium Stephan Wlokka

Agenda Ortho-/Para-Deuterium Ortho-/Para Conversion Natural conversion Radiation-assisted conversion Experimental Setup Results Conclusion Stephan Wlokka UCN Workshop - Mainz

Ortho-/Para-Deuterium Stephan Wlokka UCN Workshop - Mainz Deuteron  Boson  Symmetric Wave Function Vibration Always symmetric Spin S=0  S S=1  AS S=2  S Rotation J=0, 2, 4, …  S J=1, 3, 5,…  AS

Stephan Wlokka UCN Workshop - Mainz Ortho-/Para-Deuterium Even JOdd J meV 21 meV 70 meV 7 meV 42 meV Liu et. al, Phys. Rev. B 62, R3582 (2000)

Stephan Wlokka UCN Workshop - Mainz Ortho-/Para Conversion

At low temperatures only J=0 and J=1 levels are occupied The conversion is mediated through dipole-dipole or quadrupole- quadrupole forces The conversion time is on the order of h -1  Conversion into equilibrium takes up to 6 months Process can be increased using materials with a strong magnetic moment Possible catalysts: Chromium-Oxide Ferrous hydroxide Conversion times of h -1 are possible Stephan Wlokka UCN Workshop - Mainz

Radiation-assisted conversion Irradiation of deuterium leads to the dissociation of D 2 molecules Atomic deuterium is para-magnetic  spin-flip is possible Stephan Wlokka UCN Workshop - Mainz Ionization Excitation

Radiation-assisted conversion D 2 + is only stable in high-vacuum Recombination Stephan Wlokka UCN Workshop - Mainz

Stephan Wlokka UCN Workshop - Mainz Radiation-assisted conversion Deuterium dissociation rate Conversion rate to ortho Conversion rate to para Recombination rate

Stephan Wlokka UCN Workshop - Mainz Radiation-assisted conversion

Experimental Setup D2-Cell and CryogenicsRaman SpectrometerTandem Accelerator Beamline UCN Workshop - Mainz Stephan Wlokka

UCN Workshop - Mainz D 2 Cell Protons D 2 Gas 532 nm Laser

Stephan Wlokka UCN Workshop - Mainz Cryogenics 12 mm

Stephan Wlokka UCN Workshop - Mainz Raman Optics Laser Source λ=532 nm High pass Dichroic Mirror λ 50/50 =535 nm

Stephan Wlokka UCN Workshop - Mainz Raman Spectrometer J=0  2 J=1  3 600s exposure

Beamtime Deuterium Temperature: 7.5 – 8.0 K Irradiation particles: protons Irradiation current: 2.0 – 3.5 nA Proton energy: 20.5 MeV (11 MeV after entrance window) Protons were stopped after they passed through half of the cell Beam days: 10 ~12 h of irradiation per day During the nights the crystal was either heated up to 16K or 19K and refrozen Stephan Wlokka UCN Workshop - Mainz

Stephan Wlokka UCN Workshop - Mainz Ortho content during beam time

Stephan Wlokka UCN Workshop - Mainz Day by day comparison

Stephan Wlokka UCN Workshop - Mainz Results χ²/dof = 7.8/18 β=(1.1±0.5)· cm³s -1 k=(5±4)·10 -8 cm³s -1 k FRM II =3.65·10 -7 cm³s -1

Comparison to literature Stephan Wlokka UCN Workshop - Mainz For FRM II irradiation values

Stephan Wlokka UCN Workshop - Mainz Ortho content and line width

Stephan Wlokka UCN Workshop - Mainz Measuring high ortho contents (0.98+)

Conclusion Stephan Wlokka UCN Workshop - Mainz

Stephan Wlokka UCN Workshop - Mainz One more thing