GROUP MEMBERS: Ong Hui Jin Norshafidah Bt Abu Shafian Siti Nor Rafidah Bt Mohd Ali Jinnah Hazwani Bt Mokhtar Mohd Nasrudin.

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Presentation transcript:

GROUP MEMBERS: Ong Hui Jin Norshafidah Bt Abu Shafian Siti Nor Rafidah Bt Mohd Ali Jinnah Hazwani Bt Mokhtar Mohd Nasrudin B. Rahiman

Fatty AcidsGlyceride composition ( % ) Diglyceride6.32 Triglyceride93.60

TriunsaturatedComposition ( %) OOO3.90 OOL1.22 MonosaturatedComposition ( %) PLO10.02 POO21.39 OOS2.78 M- Myristic (C 14 : 0) P- Palmitic (C 16 : 0) S- Stearic (C 18 : 0) O- Oleic (C 18 : 0) L- Linoleic (C 18 : 2)

DisaturatedComposition ( % ) MPL3.03 PPL9.37 PPO27.39 POS5.29 SOS1.36 TrisaturatedComposition ( % ) MMM0.76 MMP2.38 PPP4.81 M- Myristic (C 14 : 0) P- Palmitic (C 16 : 0) S- Stearic (C 18 : 0) O- Oleic (C 18 : 0) L-Linoleic (C 18 : 2)

 Some minor components in CPO bring undesirable effects to oil  E.g: phospholipids (surface active agent: disperse impurities in oil)  Remove by refining to produce good quality of refined oil

Minor componentsAmount (ppm) Structure Carotenoids Tocopherols& tocotrienols Sterols Ubiquinone (Coenzyme Q 10 )10-80 Squalene Phospholipids5-130 Triterpene alcohols40-80 Aliphatic alcohols R-OH Aliphatic hydrocarbon50

CarotenoidsComposition(%) - carotene56.0 α-carotene35.1 phytoene1.3 lycopene1.3 γ- carotene0.8 Neurosporene0.3 phytofluene0.1

Minor componentsAmount (%) Sterols Cholesterol4.1 Campesterol22.8 Stigmasterol sitosterol57.5 Phosphatides Phosphatidylcholine36 Phosphatidylethanolamine24 phosphatidylinositol33 Phosphatidyglycerol9 Diphosphatidyglycerol4 Phosphatidic acid3 Monoglycerides (MGs)~ <1 Diglycerides (DGs)~2-7 Free fatty acids (FFAs) e.g myristic, palmitic, stearic, oleic, linoleicfatty ~2-5

Phosphatidylcholine Phosphatidylethanolamine phosphatidylinositol Phosphatidyglycerol Diphosphatidyglycerol (Cardiolipin) Phosphatidic acid

MINOR CONSTITUENTS OF PALM OILBENEFICIAL EFFECT CAROTENOIDS human body uses carotenoids as Vitamin A. enhance immune function by a variety of mechanisms & can improve cardiovascular health. acting as biological antioxidants, protecting cells & tissues from the damaging effect of free radicals. TOCOPHEROLS & TOCOTRIENOLS Natural vitamin E exists in eight different forms or isomers,four tocopherols & four tocotrienols. Tocotrienols in Vitamin E have been found to have antioxidant & anticancer activities. preventing skin aging, preventing fat oxidation & reducing blood pressure. palm tocotrienols have the ability to reverse blockage of the carotid artery & platelet aggregation. Tocotrienol-rich fraction of palm oil is capable of protecting brain against oxidative damage & thereby from the ensuing adverse alterations that accompany aging.

MINOR CONSTITUENTS OF PALM OILBENEFICIAL EFFECT Fatty acid focus of attention in determining its nutritional adequacy in relation to coronary heart disease (CHD) risk factors Monoglycerides used as emulsifiers in foods Mineral oil medicinal uses use in the kitchen is to saturate the cutting board and other wood items to make them water resistant

Types of fatty acid Saturated - 50% unsaturated – 50% Saturated : 44.0% Palmitic acid 5.0% stearic acid 1.0% myristic acid Unsaturated : 39.0% oleic acid 11.0% linoleic acid

Fractionation : a physical method using the crystallization properties of triglycerides to separate a mixture into:  low melting liquid fraction  high melting liquid fraction Components consists :  palm olein (liquid oil)  palm stearin (solid form)

Palm olein (liquid)Palm stearin (solid) Fatty acid composition : 45% saturated fat 55% unsaturated fat Fatty acid composition : 60% saturated fat 40% unsaturated fat The main saturated fatty acid : 40% palmitic acid 5% stearic acid The main saturated fatty acid : 54% palmitic acid 5% stearic acid 1% myristic acid The unsaturated fatty acid : 43%oleic acid(monounsaturates) 12% linoleic acid(polyunsturates) The unsaturated fatty acid : 33%oleic acid(monounsaturates) 7%linoleic acid(polyunsturates)