USHC- 6.4b Analyze President Franklin Roosevelt’s New Deal as a response to the economic crisis of the Great Depression, including the effectiveness of New Deal programs in relieving suffering and achieving economic recovery, in protecting the rights of women and minorities, and in making significant reforms to protect the economy such as Social Security and labor laws. Analyze President Franklin Roosevelt’s New Deal as a response to the economic crisis of the Great Depression, including the effectiveness of New Deal programs in relieving suffering and achieving economic recovery, in protecting the rights of women and minorities, and in making significant reforms to protect the economy such as Social Security and labor laws.

The Second New Deal It started in 1935, with a second hundred days that rejected the criticism of the right and responded to criticism of the left. It started in 1935, with a second hundred days that rejected the criticism of the right and responded to criticism of the left. It placed an emphasis on reform of the system while maintaining relief and recovery efforts. It placed an emphasis on reform of the system while maintaining relief and recovery efforts. It established minimum wage and maximum hours with Fair Labor Standards Act It established minimum wage and maximum hours with Fair Labor Standards Act

The Second New Deal The Second New Deal National Labor Relations Act (NLRA) also known as The Wagner Act- recognized worker’s right to organize labor unions and bargain collectively Social Security Act (SSA) ***1935- a national insurance policy that was established for the unemployed, disabled, elderly, and dependent children. Workers paid into the plan for unemployment protection and retirement. Revenue Act of 1935 The law raised taxes on those making more than $50,000 year as well as corporate and estate taxes. It won the favor of many of the left and became known as the “soak the rich tax.”

Effects of the New Deal- Women and Minorities African-Americans were affected by the privation of the Depression and by discrimination and racial hostility. African-Americans were affected by the privation of the Depression and by discrimination and racial hostility. They were the last hired and first fired. They were the last hired and first fired. 48% of black workers were unemployed in 1933 and they were not protected by the programs of the New Deal. 48% of black workers were unemployed in 1933 and they were not protected by the programs of the New Deal. The farm subsidies paid to landowners hurt the sharecroppers and tenant farmers, who were often African-American. The farm subsidies paid to landowners hurt the sharecroppers and tenant farmers, who were often African-American. The CCC was racially segregated and the TVA gave skilled jobs to whites. The CCC was racially segregated and the TVA gave skilled jobs to whites.

Effects of the New Deal- Women and Minorities- continued However, there were significant attempts to address racial discrimination as President Roosevelt consulted the “Black Cabinet,” -a group of African American government employees (not Cabinet members, however.) However, there were significant attempts to address racial discrimination as President Roosevelt consulted the “Black Cabinet,” -a group of African American government employees (not Cabinet members, however.) Eleanor Roosevelt championed Marian Anderson against the Daughter of the American Revolution and arranged for her concert on the steps of the Lincoln Memorial. Eleanor Roosevelt championed Marian Anderson against the Daughter of the American Revolution and arranged for her concert on the steps of the Lincoln Memorial. After African Americans threatened a march on Washington, a commission was established to protect the rights of African American workers in wartime industries. (The Fair Employment Practices Act) Consequently some Northern Blacks began to vote for the Democratic Party. After African Americans threatened a march on Washington, a commission was established to protect the rights of African American workers in wartime industries. (The Fair Employment Practices Act) Consequently some Northern Blacks began to vote for the Democratic Party.

***During the depression women had to “use it up, wear it out, make it do, or do without.” ***During the depression women had to “use it up, wear it out, make it do, or do without.” They also had to find whatever work they could to help their families, despite job discrimination based on the idea that they were taking jobs away from men. They also had to find whatever work they could to help their families, despite job discrimination based on the idea that they were taking jobs away from men. The New Deal did not address the specific problems of women. The New Deal did not address the specific problems of women. The CCC was limited to young men and other New Deal programs hired many more men than women. The CCC was limited to young men and other New Deal programs hired many more men than women. Some early business codes of the National Recovery Administration (NRA) allowed a lower minimum wage for women. Some early business codes of the National Recovery Administration (NRA) allowed a lower minimum wage for women. The Social Security Act failed to provide coverage for many women workers. The Social Security Act failed to provide coverage for many women workers. However, President Roosevelt named the first women to a cabinet level position and relied upon his wife Eleanor for advice and information. However, President Roosevelt named the first women to a cabinet level position and relied upon his wife Eleanor for advice and information. The Depression and Women

The New Deal as Progressive Reform The New Deal was part of the pattern of reform movements in the United States. The New Deal was part of the pattern of reform movements in the United States. Although the New Deal recognized the role of labor unions and established minimum wage and maximum hours standards that were a goal of the unions of the late 1800’s and the progressive movement of the early 20 th century, advancements for unions came under attack again in the 1950’s. Although the New Deal recognized the role of labor unions and established minimum wage and maximum hours standards that were a goal of the unions of the late 1800’s and the progressive movement of the early 20 th century, advancements for unions came under attack again in the 1950’s. The New Deal was both a continuation of the progressive movements and a precurser to the reform movements of the 1960’s, including the Civil Rights Movement. The New Deal was both a continuation of the progressive movements and a precurser to the reform movements of the 1960’s, including the Civil Rights Movement.