Academy of ICT Essentials for Government Leaders Session 5: Development, NetMundial and the Future of the Internet ANG Peng Hwa Nanyang Technological University Internet Governance Organized by UN Asian and Pacific Training Centre for Information and Communication Technology for Development (UN-APCICT)

Academy of ICT Essentials for Government Leaders Agenda Learning Objectives: This session shows how one of the goals of Internet governance, development can be met but also how Internet governance has still some ways to go. Learning Outcomes: Participants should have a sense of possibility and limits of ICT4D and also of some of the latest developments in Internet governance.

Academy of ICT Essentials for Government Leaders Agenda  What is ICT4D  Applications of ICT4D  NetMundial—the Brazil-led meeting to address some shortcomings of the IGF

Academy of ICT Essentials for Government Leaders What is ICT4D (ICT for Development) Development should encompass:  Governance and Empowerment  Infrastructure  Economic development  Social development  WSIS helped establish the Digital Solidarity Fund  Based in Switzerland  Only $3M in fund

Academy of ICT Essentials for Government Leaders Summary  Development was one of the motivations for WSIS, which led to the formation of WGIG.  But it is the most neglected part of the WGIG Final Report.  There is much that national governments can and should do to use ICT4D.

Academy of ICT Essentials for Government Leaders 8 Millenium Development Goals (MDGs) 1.Eradicate extreme poverty and hunger 2.Achieve universal primary education 3.Promote gender equality and empower women 4.Reduce child mortality 5.Improve maternal health 6.Combat HIV/AIDS, malaria and other diseases 7.Ensure environmental sustainability 8.Develop a Global Partnership for Development Deadline: 2015 Replaced by Sustainable Development Goals

Academy of ICT Essentials for Government Leaders Applications of ICT4D  Agriculture  Government services  Emergency response  Education  Distance learning  Health  Telemedicine  Business  Tourism  E-Commerce  Employment

Academy of ICT Essentials for Government Leaders Some Ways to Close the Digital Divide  Cheaper hardware  Low cost computers  Cheaper software  FOSS  Telecentres  Use more women in IT, development

Academy of ICT Essentials for Government Leaders Need for Research: Telecentres  1st phase success rate: 3%  Telecentres were set up to empower marginalised, women, poorest of poor  2nd phase success rate: 30%  Incorporating lessons from 1st phase  3rd phase success rate:?  Experience suggests CD-burning, digital photos, could be essential services Need research to ensure success

Academy of ICT Essentials for Government Leaders Promoting Online Content  Lower cost of access  ccTLD policies  Eg reduce costs of registering a domain name  Domain dispute resolution mechanism  UDRP (uniform domain-name dispute resolution policy)

Academy of ICT Essentials for Government Leaders E-Government 1.Computerisation of government  Increases efficiency of government  Increases IT economy of technicians, software programmers  Makes IT career possible 2.Computerisation of government services  Increases efficiency of government  Putting government tenders online saves money 3.Consultation of citizens for policies 4.E-engagement where ideas are floated to government

Academy of ICT Essentials for Government Leaders Applications of E-Government  Central bank  Immigration, for visa applications  Taxes  Land titles  Driving licences  Application forms

Academy of ICT Essentials for Government Leaders E-Government: Benefits  Increases efficiency of government  Reduces corruption  Increases transparency of administration  Makes it possible for more control by central government

Academy of ICT Essentials for Government Leaders Exercise: E-Government  Give some examples of e-government services in your country.  Is there a national plan for e-government?  What are some obstacles you have faced or are facing in rolling out e-government services?

Academy of ICT Essentials for Government Leaders Summing Up Internet Governance

Academy of ICT Essentials for Government Leaders Benefits of the IGF  Raised awareness of Internet Governance issues  Better understanding of process in Internet Governance  Opportunity to discuss significant issues  Allows smaller countries to raise issues

Academy of ICT Essentials for Government Leaders Criticisms of the IGF  It is only a talkshop  The mandate allows it to make recommendations but the IGF has not been daring enough to do so  Development, one of the motivations for starting the WSIS process, is on the back-bur ner  Digital Solidarity Fund is small  “Political” issues being addressed first  Capacity-building for Internet governance is still a major issue

Academy of ICT Essentials for Government Leaders Outstanding Issues: ICANN 1.Will ICANN Be Internationalised?  Perhaps like the International Olympic Committee  Is internationalisation important?  Issue is more stark because of distrust of USG, in the light of the Snowden revelations Latest: IANA Function Stewardship Transition  Moving one function of ICANN—keeping lists of unique numbers—to outside of ICANN

Academy of ICT Essentials for Government Leaders Outstanding Issues: IGF  Only a talkshop, not willing to even make recommendations although allowed by mandate  Hence NetMundial, a one-off meeting organised by Brazil in April 2014  Wanted to discuss US surveillance of the Internet  NetMundial drew up the Internet governance process principles ntent/uploads/2014/04/NETmundial-Multistak eholder-Document.pdfhttp://netmundial.br/wp-co ntent/uploads/2014/04/NETmundial-Multistak eholder-Document.pdf

Academy of ICT Essentials for Government Leaders Outstanding Issues: The Role of ITU ITU is still keen to be involved in Internet governance  Organised World Conference on International Telecommunications (WCIT) in Dubai 2012  WCIT was widely interpreted as an attempt by ITU to play a more dominant role in Internet governance  Cybersecurity  ITU is attempting to be more involved in Internet governance through cybersecurity

Academy of ICT Essentials for Government Leaders Exercise: Internationalising Internet Governance  On a scale of 1-10 scale, how satisfied are you with the current Internet Governance arrangements?  To what extent should Iran participate in the debate at the international level?

Academy of ICT Essentials for Government Leaders Conclusion  There is an increased awareness about the significance of Internet Governance  Governments have to be aware of the issues and participate in the international debate  Many of the issues in Internet Governance are local and national governments have a key role to play to resolve these issues